Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a biologically aggressive and heterogeneous subtype of breast cancer, historically associated with poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment strategy, particularly through immune checkpoint inhibitors. While clinical trials have demonstrated meaningful survival improvements in select patient populations, several biological, clinical, and logistical challenges remain. In both early-stage and metastatic settings, the integration of immunotherapy into standard clinical pathways has raised important questions around patient selection, biomarker-driven approaches, and long-term benefit.

The goal of this Research Topic is to explore the evolving role of immunotherapy in TNBC, focusing on its integration into clinical practice and the critical gaps that still need to be addressed. Key objectives include assessing the predictive and prognostic utility of biomarkers such as PD-L1, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and emerging genomic signatures; evaluating real-world data on treatment effectiveness and toxicity; and discussing novel strategies to overcome resistance mechanisms. In addition, this Topic aims to highlight the potential synergies between immunotherapy and other therapeutic modalities, particularly antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), which represent a new frontier in the treatment of breast cancer. By gathering insights from translational research, clinical trials, and real-world evidence, this Topic will provide a comprehensive overview of the unmet needs, challenges, and future directions in the immunotherapeutic management of TNBC.

We welcome contributions that address any of the following areas:

• Clinical trials and real-world studies on immunotherapy in early-stage or metastatic TNBC
• Biomarker development and validation (PD-L1, TILs, genomic and transcriptomic profiling)
• Strategies to optimize treatment sequencing and combination regimens (e.g., immunotherapy + ADCs)
• Mechanisms of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors
• Management of immune-related adverse events in breast cancer
• Health disparities, patient access, and quality of life issues in immunotherapy
• Translational research and preclinical models informing clinical immunotherapy strategies

Original research articles, reviews, mini-reviews, perspectives, and case reports are all welcome.

Are you interested in contributing a manuscript to this Research Topic?

Integrating Immunotherapy into the Clinical Management of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC): Biomarkers, Strategies, and Real-World Perspectives