Infants and neonatal pulmonology have become some of the most evolving and challenging areas of critical care. There have been many advancements in obstetrics and childbirth techniques in the past few decades. Those advancements that have resulted in better care for expecting mothers, neonates, and infants, have also caused a significant increase in the rate of survival of premature and low birthweight infants. Those infants may have shunt in the lungs, and the most common complication among them is respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The lungs of premature infants with RDS lack sufficient surfactant causing atelectasis and respiratory failure. These infants are often treated with invasive or non-invasive mechanical ventilation and oxygen supplementation during their first weeks of life. However, application of mechanical ventilation can cause serious complications such as ventilator-induced pneumonia or bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Oxygen supplementation of these infants is also a challenging task since both hypoxemia and hyperoxemia need to be avoided and the treatment needs to be carefully tailored to the infants’ oxygenation needs. Furthermore, during early infancy, in addition to bronchopulmonary dysplasia that can be induced by mechanical ventilation, Sudden and Unexpected Infant Death (SUID) including the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) claim the lives of many term and premature infants worldwide and are subject to significant investigation by many researchers.

The aim of this Research Topic is to provide the most up-to-date research findings and reviews in the field of infant and neonatal pulmonology, with a focus on modern approaches to respiratory support and the management of critical pulmonary conditions.

We particularly welcome submissions addressing, but not limited to, the following topics:
• Advances in prenatal and perinatal detection of lung disease
• Pathophysiology and management of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature infants
• Innovations in invasive and non-invasive ventilation strategies for neonates and infants
• Oxygen supplementation protocols and challenges in neonatal respiratory care
• Prevention, diagnosis, and management of ventilator-induced pneumonia and bronchopulmonary dysplasia
• Sudden and Unexpected Infant Death (SUID) and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS): mechanisms, prevention, and hot topics in research
• Long-term outcomes and quality of life in infants who underwent neonatal respiratory intensive care

We encourage submissions in formats such as Original Research, Reviews, Mini-Reviews, Case Reports, and Perspective articles that contribute to a comprehensive understanding and management of pediatric RDS.

Topic Editor Dr. Mateusz Jagla serves as a member of the Scientific Board of the Nutricia Foundation, a non-profit organization supporting research and education in the field of nutrition and health. The Foundation provides research grants and fosters scientific collaboration, but does not influence the design, conduct, or interpretation of Topic Editor Dr. Mateusz Jagla’s independent academic work.

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New Trends in Infant and Neonatal Pulmonology