Vaccination ranks among the most impactful public health interventions, yet persistent disparities in vaccination behavior and accessibility continue to hinder global progress toward herd immunity and equitable health outcomes. Unraveling the complex determinants of vaccination behavior and tackling inequities in vaccine accessibility is paramount for enhancing population health, especially amid the rise of emerging infectious diseases and rapid advancements in vaccine technologies.

This research topic is dedicated to exploring the multifaceted determinants of vaccination behavior and the critical factors shaping equity in vaccine accessibility. We invite contributions that investigate the behavioral, social, economic, cultural, and policy determinants influencing vaccination decisions across diverse populations. Moreover, studies focusing on identifying and addressing barriers to equitable vaccine accessibility—such as geographical gaps, resource inequalities, and systemic inequities—and evaluating interventions to bridge these gaps are highly encouraged.

Relevant themes include, but are not limited to:

• Behavioral determinants of vaccine hesitancy, acceptance, and uptake across different demographic groups.

• Social and cultural factors shaping vaccination behavior and their impact on equity in accessibility.

• Economic barriers and enablers of vaccine accessibility, including costs, insurance coverage, and resource allocation.

• Policy interventions aimed at improving vaccination behavior and enhancing equity in vaccine accessibility.

• Disparities in vaccine accessibility across geographical, socioeconomic, and demographic lines, and strategies to address them.

We welcome papers from interdisciplinary teams encompassing public health, behavioral science, epidemiology, health economics, and policy studies. Through this collective effort, we aim to generate evidence that informs targeted, effective policies and interventions to promote equitable vaccination behavior and accessibility, thereby strengthening global health security.

Prof. Fang Hai has received grants from Sanofi, MSD, Pfizer, Wantai, and CanSin. The other Topic Editors declare no competing interests with regard to the Research Topic subject.

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Determinants of Vaccination Behavior and Equity in Vaccine Accessibility