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Sleep is a fundamental component of human biology, essential for maintaining physical health, cognitive function, and emotional well-being. Despite its critical role, many aspects of sleep remain enigmatic, particularly in how it affects and is affected by the human brain. Recent advancements in neuroscience have begun to unveil the complex mechanisms that regulate sleep and its impact on various brain functions, including memory consolidation, emotional regulation, and neuroplasticity. As we explore the emerging neuroscience of sleep, a human-centric perspective is crucial to understanding how sleep patterns influence neural processes and how disruptions can lead to mental health disorders and cognitive impairments.

The goal of this Research Topic is to examine and advance our understanding of the emerging neuroscience of sleep through the lens of human neuroscience. We aim to address the critical questions surrounding the mechanisms by which sleep affects brain function and how these insights can inform interventions for sleep-related disorders. By bringing together multidisciplinary research, this topic seeks to highlight the importance of sleep in maintaining optimal brain health and to propose strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of sleep disturbances. Ultimately, we hope to bridge the gap between neuroscience and practical applications, contributing to the development of sleep-enhancement therapies and improving overall human well-being.

Authors can submit original research articles, reviews, or theoretical perspectives that align with these topics, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the intricate relationship between sleep and neuroscience. We invite researchers to submit contributions that explore the following themes within the realm of human neuroscience and sleep:

• Neural mechanisms underlying different stages of sleep and their functions.

• The role of sleep in memory consolidation and cognitive performance.

• Sleep’s influence on emotional regulation and mental health.

• Neuroplasticity related to sleep and brain development.

• The impact of sleep disorders such as insomnia and sleep apnea on neural processes.

• Technological advancements in sleep research, including neuroimaging techniques.

• Societal and cultural influences on sleep patterns and their neural implications.

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The emerging neuroscience of sleep