Rice grain proteins are not only an indispensable component of the human diet but also a key factor influencing the processing characteristics and economic value of rice. Therefore, systematically elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of protein synthesis, transport, and accumulation in rice grains is of great significance for improving the nutritional quality of rice, optimizing breeding strategies, and meeting global food demands. At the molecular level, protein synthesis begins with the transcription, which is finely regulated by transcription factors and hormonal signals, the resulting mRNA undergoes translation, followed by post-translational modifications, and transport in sequence, ultimately being stored in protein bodies or vacuoles through specific transport mechanisms. These regulatory networks are gradually being uncovered with the rapid development of molecular biology and genomics technologies. However, these complex biological processes are influenced by the interplay of genetic, physiological, and environmental regulatory networks, and their molecular regulatory mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. A deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing these processes is urgently needed for designing precise molecular breeding strategies and developing high-protein functional crops.

The primary challenge addressed in this research topic is the insufficient integration of multi-dimensional regulatory networks and the unclear interactions between environmental and genetic factors affecting rice grain protein regulation. To tackle this, we aim to delve into the comprehensive regulatory mechanisms governing protein synthesis, transport, and accumulation in rice grains. By integrating advanced multi-omics approaches—such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics—with modern gene editing technologies like CRISPR/Cas9, we seek to uncover the roles of key regulatory genes, including transcription factors and transporter-encoding genes, as well as their interaction networks. Furthermore, we will explore how environmental signals such as hormones, nutrients, temperature, and light synergize with genetic backgrounds to influence these processes. Recent advances in these areas provide promising pathways to achieve a deeper understanding and more effective regulation of these complex networks.

In this research topic, we welcome all article types published by Frontiers in Plant Science that focus on protein synthesis and accumulation in rice grains especially those that focus on:

• Molecular and physiological mechanisms of protein synthesis in rice grains
• Synthesis, transport and storage progresses of proteins in plant organelles
• The regulation of protein synthesis pathways by plant hormones
• Experiments carried out in the field or under controlled environments (nutrients, temperature, light, irrigation, etc.)

Please note: Descriptive studies that report responses of protein concentration, content, or accumulation to agronomical treatments will not be considered if they do not advance physiological understanding of these responses.

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The Regulatory Mechanism of Protein Synthesis, Transport and Accumulation in Rice Grains