Intraoperative ventilation practices have evolved substantially, with protective ventilation strategies emerging as key components of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) and prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). However, practice variability remains high, and many questions are still unanswered regarding the optimal ventilatory approach tailored to patient type, surgical field, and anesthetic modality.

This Research Topic explores the art and science of intraoperative mechanical ventilation across general, thoracic (including one-lung ventilation), and cardiac anesthesia. It aims to consolidate current knowledge, novel strategies, and emerging evidence on protective ventilation, the physiological and clinical impact of intraoperative ventilation, and how it influences perioperative outcomes, recovery, and cost-effectiveness. We invite high-quality manuscripts addressing these aspects from clinical and mechanistic perspectives.

To gather further insights in the area of intraoperative ventilation, we welcome Original Research, Systematic Review, Scoping Review, and illustrative Case Report articles addressing, but not limited to, the following themes:

• Low tidal volume strategies

• Individualized positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)

• Recruitment maneuvers (examining type, timing, frequency, and duration)

• Inspiratory-expiratory ratios

• Driving and plateau pressure targets

• Mechanical power analysis

• Ventilation modes including volume control ventilation (VCV), pressure control ventilation (PCV), and dual modes

• Modulation of the inflammatory response

• Prevention of PPCs and compliance with ERAS

• Quality of life outcomes

• Hospital stay duration and cost-effectiveness

Are you interested in contributing a manuscript to this Research Topic?

The Art and Science of Intraoperative Ventilation in General, Thoracic, and Cardiac Anesthesia