Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy and it is classified into different subtypes: serous, mucinous, endometrioid, and clear-cell, each with specific etiology, phenotype and molecular features. Gonadotropins play a key role in regulation through endocrine signaling and these factors could influence EOC development and progression. Several genes are involved in gonadotropin regulation, and aberrant expression of the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) beta subunit has been reported in multiple malignancies, and, in particular gynecological cancers. Furthermore, the two gonadotropins, FSH and LH, are key regulators of ovarian cell functions and an alteration of expression in pathological contexts contributes to tumorigenesis. EOCs often express receptors for gonadotropins, and their detection in tumor fluid suggests an important role for these hormones in tumor initiation and progression. Beyond serving as potential prognostic indicators, gonadotropins exert direct effects on ovarian tumor cell growth, influencing proliferation and survival.

Alterations in the regulation of genes involved in gonadotropin synthesis and signaling may therefore represent a critical step in the development and aggressiveness of ovarian cancer.

However, the mechanisms controlling the expression of the different genes coding for this protein remain poorly understood. Understanding these mechanisms could provide new information into how hormonal and genetic factors interact to drive malignancy.

This research topic aims to investigate the molecular pathways governing gonadotropin gene expression in EOCs, with a focus on how dysregulation contributes to tumor biology and clinical behavior. The exploration of novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets, thereby contributing to prognostic tools and personalized treatment strategies for patients with ovarian cancer.

To gather further insights into the intricate relationship between gonadotropins and ovarian cancer gene expression, this research will cover both in silico and laboratory methodologies. Key themes include:

o Epigenetic modifications altering gene expression
o Interplay between tumor cells and signaling pathways
o Intercellular communication mechanisms
o Enrichment analyses of differentially expressed genes (DEGs)
o Gonadotropins' role in key molecular networks

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Gonadotropin Influence on Differential Gene Expression in Ovarian Cancer