The field of personalized nutritional medicine is emerging as a critical focus in addressing chronic diseases associated with exposure to environmental contaminants (ECs). With the proliferation of industrial activity, humans are increasingly exposed to ECs such as microplastics through ingestion and inhalation, leading to their accumulation in the gastrointestinal tract. Recent studies have shown that these contaminants disrupt the gut microbiome, causing dysbiosis and a breakdown of the intestinal barrier, which triggers both oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. This chain of events has been implicated in a wide range of health problems, from oral and gastrointestinal disorders to neuroinflammatory conditions that may accelerate the onset or progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Although there is growing recognition of these mechanisms, substantial gaps remain in our understanding of how dietary interventions can mitigate these effects, especially by targeting the gut-brain axis.

This Research Topic aims to advance our understanding of how personalized nutritional interventions, particularly via functional polyphenols, probiotics, and prebiotics, can modulate the microbiome and preserve both gut and brain health in individuals affected by chronic diseases linked to environmental contaminants. The objective is to elucidate the molecular pathways by which tailored diets might restore barrier integrity, regulate genetic and epigenetic aberrations, and ultimately protect against or reverse gut-brain axis disorders. By consolidating original research and comprehensive reviews, this collection seeks to uncover innovative strategies and identify promising nutritional approaches that leverage recent technological advancements for intervention and prevention.

In scope, this Research Topic is anchored in the interplay between dietary strategies and the biological impact of environmental contaminants, with special emphasis on gut-brain axis disorders. It welcomes articles that explore both preventative and therapeutic angles, using diverse experimental and clinical methodologies. To gather further insights into this interdisciplinary area, we welcome articles addressing, but not limited to, the following themes:

• Mechanistic insights into how ECs disrupt gut barrier and brain health.
• Effects of functional polyphenols, probiotics, and prebiotics on the gut microbiome.
• Molecular targets and biomarkers in gut-brain axis restoration.
• Genetic and epigenetic regulation in response to personalized nutritional interventions.
• Development and application of innovative platforms for dietary strategy assessment.
• Clinical and translational studies examining outcomes of targeted dietary interventions.
• Modulation of neuroinflammatory pathways through tailored nutrition.

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Personalized Nutritional Medicine in Chronic Diseases Associated to Environmental Contaminants