The field of thyroid hormones and diet is crucial for understanding the synthesis and function of thyroid hormones, primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which are essential for various physiological processes including growth, development, and metabolism. Iodine, a critical dietary element, is necessary for the production of these hormones, yet iodine deficiency remains a significant global public health issue affecting approximately two billion people. This deficiency is particularly concerning during early development stages, as the fetus relies entirely on maternal thyroid hormone production until the thyroid gland becomes functional. Despite efforts to mitigate iodine deficiency through supplementation, persistent cases of hypothyroidism suggest that other micronutrients, such as selenium and iron, also play vital roles in thyroid hormone function. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of these trace elements in maintaining thyroid health, yet gaps remain in understanding their comprehensive impact. Additionally, the presence of goitrogens, which inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis, and the emerging issue of iodine excess in certain populations, underscore the complexity of dietary influences on thyroid physiology.

This research topic aims to explore the intricate relationship between dietary habits and thyroid hormone function, with a focus on the importance of iodine and other micronutrients. The primary objective is to address key questions regarding the availability and impact of these nutrients, the consequences of their deficiency or excess, and the role of dietary goitrogens. By examining these factors, the research seeks to enhance our understanding of thyroid health and inform dietary recommendations.

To gather further insights in the complex interplay between diet and thyroid hormone function, we welcome articles addressing, but not limited to, the following themes:

- Availability of iodine and other micronutrients in food and water

- Consequences of iodine deficiency

- Iodine supplementation during childhood, pregnancy, and lactation

- Iodine excesses and their effects

- Dietary goitrogens and their impact on thyroid hormone synthesis

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Thyroid hormones and diet: Volume II