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Mini Review
18 October 2019

At present, with the development of an aging society and an increase in the number of elderly people, in order to ensure the ability and enthusiasm of the elderly to live independently, it is necessary to ensure that they can understand the world in a normal way. More and more elderly people have cognitive impairment, and virtual reality (VR) technology is more effective in cognitive diagnosis and treatment than traditional methods. This review article describes some studies on cognitive diagnosis and training for the elderly, and puts forward some suggestions for current studies, in the hopes that VR technology can be better applied to cognitive diagnosis and training.

11,756 views
64 citations
Original Research
25 September 2019
Frontal Contribution to Hippocampal Hyperactivity During Memory Encoding in Aging
Lars Nyberg
3 more and 
Anders Wåhlin
Hippocampal and frontal activation during encoding and retrieval. (A) Activation along the hippocampus longitudinal axis during encoding (red) and retrieval (blue) relative to control task (threshold, t > 8.0 for illustration). (B) Activity in the right anterior hippocampus (aHC) was stronger during encoding (P < 0.001, t(322) = 6.51), and in the right posterior hippocampus (pHC) at retrieval (P < 0.001, t(322) = 4.76). Data displayed from the peak voxels, collapsed across imaging sessions. (C). Differential recruitment of right frontal cortex during retrieval. Data displayed from the peak voxel, collapsed across imaging sessions. Ctr, control task. Vertical lines = ± Standard Error of Mean (SEM).

Hippocampal hypo- as well as hyper-activation have been reported during memory encoding in older individuals. Prefrontal cortex (PFC) provides top-down state signals to the hippocampus that bias its computation during memory encoding and retrieval, and disturbed top-down signals could contribute to hippocampal hyper-activation. Here, we used >500 cross-sectional and longitudinal observations from a face-name encoding-retrieval fMRI task to examine hippocampal hypo- and hyper-activation in aging. Age-related anterior hippocampal hypo-activation was observed during memory encoding. Next, older individuals who longitudinally dropped-out were compared with those who remained in the study. Older dropouts had lower memory performance and higher dementia risk, and hyper-activated right anterior and posterior hippocampus during memory encoding. During encoding, the dropouts also activated right prefrontal regions that instead were active during retrieval in younger and older remainers. Moreover, the dropouts showed altered frontal-hippocampal functional connectivity, notably elevated right PFC to anterior hippocampus (aHC) connectivity during encoding. In the context of a general pattern of age-related anterior hippocampal hypo-activation during encoding, these findings support a top-down contribution to paradoxically high anterior hippocampal activity in older dropouts who were at elevated risk of pathology.

3,924 views
41 citations
10,967 views
33 citations
(A) Shows that perceived physical exertion levels increases appropriately with time spent in the virtual environment. Younger adults were within the target exercise zone while older adults were approaching it. (B) Shows SSC total sickness levels after each trial. No association was found between duration of exposure and symptom severity.
6,248 views
35 citations
Article Cover Image
Systematic Review
09 August 2019

Background: Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia, has tremendous social and economic impact worldwide. This study aimed to analyze global trends in Alzheimer's disease research and to investigate China's contribution to this research.

Methods: The quantity and influence of publications related to Alzheimer's disease in China and elsewhere were compared. The Web of Science (WOS) and PubMed databases were searched from 1988 to 2017 using the terms “Alzheimer's disease” or “Alzheimers disease.” Global Alzheimer's disease publications were classified and analyzed. Keywords, countries, and institutions publishing articles on Alzheimer's disease were analyzed, and citations of these articles were examined.

Results: A total of 181,116 articles regarding Alzheimer's disease research were identified and analyzed. Neuroscience and neurology were the main research categories both globally and in China. Basic research dominated Alzheimer's publications, accounting for 30.93% of global publications and 95.31% of publications in China. A total of 8,935 journals published articles related to Alzheimer's disease. The journal Neurobiology of Aging published the most Alzheimer's disease-related articles, numbering 5,206 over the time period examined. The National Institutes of Health, the National Institute on Aging, and the Department of Health and Human Services jointly sponsored 11,809 articles, ranking first in the world. The National Natural Science Foundation of China funded the largest number of studies on Alzheimer's disease in China and recognized the importance of traditional Chinese medicine in Alzheimer's disease research.

Conclusions: The present study provides data for global researchers to understand research perspectives and develop future research directions. In recent years, Chinese researchers have contributed significantly to global Alzheimer's research. Still, strengthening international cooperation could improve the quality and number of publications regarding Alzheimer's disease.

16,156 views
59 citations
Robot Factory opening screen image (left), and example task screenshot from the Assembly Line scenario (right). In this task, participants are presented with robot arms one at a time on a moving platform, which rises from a portal at the bottom of the screen. Participants must decide which direction to sort the arm (indicated with the corresponding left or right “Shift” key), based on whether or not it is a match (in color and style) with the arm seen 2-previous. If the participant gives the correct response, the platform moves into the correct sorting tube and an icon appears indicating an increase in points. If the participant gives the incorrect response, the laser in the upper left corner shoots a beam onto the platform, dissolving the arm, and the platform recedes into the tube in the lower portion of the screen.
13,354 views
5 citations
11,415 views
20 citations
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Frontiers in Dementia

Exploring the Link Between Neuronal Hyperexcitability and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias
Edited by Ilaria Piccialli, Anna Pannaccione, Fiona E N LeBeau
Deadline
30 April 2025
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