The main aim of this Research Topic is to capitalise on the new interest in bilingualism by neuroscientists and the interest of bilingualism researchers in neuroscientific methods, and bringing contributors together around current questions bridging the two approaches. This is a great opportunity to publish state-of-the-art research and generate a healthy discussion around the potential of current neuroimaging and electromagnetic investigation methods in answering key questions regarding the handing of two languages by one brain. It is hoped that neuroscientists and linguists will take this opportunity to compare and perhaps even combine their insights and expertise to inform current theoretical models of bilingual functioning. Contributions are welcomed from both neuroscientists providing new data and/or discussing impacts on fundamental aspects of language processing in bilinguals and L2 learners and linguists providing new data and/or showing how neuroscientific measures might elucidate aspects of language processing beyond current conceptualisations.

Important Note: All contributions to this Research Topic must be within the scope of the section and journal to which they are submitted, as defined in their mission statements. Frontiers reserves the right to guide an out-of-scope manuscript to a more suitable section or journal at any stage of peer review.