This is a Second Edition of a previously successful article collection - Biopharming: in plant versus microorganism recombinant bio-pharmaceuticals production.
Biopharming primarily includes the use of crops for bio-production of a recombinant protein (i.e enzyme or antibody) or a system that in vitro implements bioreactors of biotechnological manipulated plant suspension cells. Compared to industrial costs this system offers tremendous economic and health benefits stimulated by new improving biotechnology methods. As time passes, the new biotechnological usage of the “New Breeding Techniques” (i.e. CRISPR/Cas9, TALEN, Zinc Finger mediated) along wise the transgenic or cis-genic techniques are emerging technologies that could better facilitate the approval of in vitro genetically manipulated or edited the genes. The segregation of integrated “antibiotic selection gene cassettes” renders them more acceptable. Besides, the CRISPR/Cas9 techniques can be performed at protoplast level or ovule level by electroporation or PEG mediated transformation, since the Cas9 recombinant protein with the sgRNA are mixed in vitro and transformed into the protoplasts, avoiding the need for marker segregation. Loss of function and gain of function can change biochemical pathways to drive other metabolic important compounds of industrial importance. Furthermore, the scientific analysis and characterization of the transgenic products (i.e. recombinant proteins or metabolite) must be rigorous with a multidisciplinary Omics approach aimed to verify the same biological property of the same pharmaceutical made in planta versus made with the actual recombinant microbial industrial technologies. RNAseq, mass spectroscopy evaluation of the proteomics and metabolomics features as well as a test of their biological activity is a must for these products that are still not regulated or still need to be regulated by the EU commission.
Advances in genetic engineering make it possible and the main crops such as barley, wheat, corn, and tobacco could become soon drug factories. In order to use for this specific aim, the crops need to be optimized in order to reduce the level of endogenous proteolysis, glycolytic and oxidative damage effects on the biopharmaceuticals so produced. New molecular biology techniques for biopharming need to be implemented to reduce proteolysis of recombinant proteins (i.e. recombinant antibodies) or prevent the partial or full loss of glycosylation, alteration of disulfide cross-bridge formation, etc. Plant glycoengineering is also a topic of this article collection if performed by CRISPR/Cas9 aided disruption of for example fucosylation and/or xylosidation. Furthermore, starch biotechnology as a plant biopolymer can be manipulated by CRISPR/Cas9 and its biopharming is for example used to produce a new starch raw material for example for its polymerization or copolimerizarion to produce bioplastic.
Finally, the removal of plant metabolic compounds/proteins as antinutrients by New Breeding Techniques is also contemplated in the scope of this article collection.
This is a Second Edition of a previously successful article collection - Biopharming: in plant versus microorganism recombinant bio-pharmaceuticals production.
Biopharming primarily includes the use of crops for bio-production of a recombinant protein (i.e enzyme or antibody) or a system that in vitro implements bioreactors of biotechnological manipulated plant suspension cells. Compared to industrial costs this system offers tremendous economic and health benefits stimulated by new improving biotechnology methods. As time passes, the new biotechnological usage of the “New Breeding Techniques” (i.e. CRISPR/Cas9, TALEN, Zinc Finger mediated) along wise the transgenic or cis-genic techniques are emerging technologies that could better facilitate the approval of in vitro genetically manipulated or edited the genes. The segregation of integrated “antibiotic selection gene cassettes” renders them more acceptable. Besides, the CRISPR/Cas9 techniques can be performed at protoplast level or ovule level by electroporation or PEG mediated transformation, since the Cas9 recombinant protein with the sgRNA are mixed in vitro and transformed into the protoplasts, avoiding the need for marker segregation. Loss of function and gain of function can change biochemical pathways to drive other metabolic important compounds of industrial importance. Furthermore, the scientific analysis and characterization of the transgenic products (i.e. recombinant proteins or metabolite) must be rigorous with a multidisciplinary Omics approach aimed to verify the same biological property of the same pharmaceutical made in planta versus made with the actual recombinant microbial industrial technologies. RNAseq, mass spectroscopy evaluation of the proteomics and metabolomics features as well as a test of their biological activity is a must for these products that are still not regulated or still need to be regulated by the EU commission.
Advances in genetic engineering make it possible and the main crops such as barley, wheat, corn, and tobacco could become soon drug factories. In order to use for this specific aim, the crops need to be optimized in order to reduce the level of endogenous proteolysis, glycolytic and oxidative damage effects on the biopharmaceuticals so produced. New molecular biology techniques for biopharming need to be implemented to reduce proteolysis of recombinant proteins (i.e. recombinant antibodies) or prevent the partial or full loss of glycosylation, alteration of disulfide cross-bridge formation, etc. Plant glycoengineering is also a topic of this article collection if performed by CRISPR/Cas9 aided disruption of for example fucosylation and/or xylosidation. Furthermore, starch biotechnology as a plant biopolymer can be manipulated by CRISPR/Cas9 and its biopharming is for example used to produce a new starch raw material for example for its polymerization or copolimerizarion to produce bioplastic.
Finally, the removal of plant metabolic compounds/proteins as antinutrients by New Breeding Techniques is also contemplated in the scope of this article collection.
