Gut Microbiota and Immunity in Health and Disease: dysbiosis and eubiosis's effects on the human body

The human body gets its balance and homeostasis from the harbored useful microorganisms. Indeed, the human fetus experiences the first microbial exposure within his/her mother’s body. During the post-partum period, an infant gets formed to be inhabited by different types of useful microorganisms, e.g., archaea, bacteria, fungi, and viruses, collectively known as the microbiota. In particular, the evolution of the gut microbiota throughout life appears to play a pivotal role in both health and disease. On the one hand, metabolic regulation, homeostasis, and a strong immune system depend on gut microbiota balance or eubiosis. On the other hand, gut microbiota dysregulation or dysbiosis is observed in many diseases like diabetes, cancers, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory bowel disorders, atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases, neurological disorders, e.g., Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, mental health disorders, etc. Interestingly, environmental factors and genetics are involved. Therefore, the interconnection between host-microbiota-environments is a fascinating and emerging area of research to understand health and disease.



As aforementioned, the appearance of dysbiosis or eubiosis directly affects the human body’s status. This research topic aims to involve all the cases associated with gut microbiome composition, environmental factors (such as diet and nutrients), genetics and the related consequences whether positive or negative in both men and women. Hence, a wide range of items are regarded in the present Research Topic.



 Eubiosis: Health and homeostasis condition

Archaea

Bacteria

Fungi

Viruses

Predisposing factors (maternal microbiome, delivery condition, biomass index (BMI), diet, nutrition etc.)

Immune system maturity

Neonates

Infants

Children

Young adults

Adults

Genetics

Epigenetics

Females and Males

 Gut microbiome and Metabolic regulation

Nutrients metabolisms

Risk and environmental factors

Sex-related factors

Genetics

Epigenetics

Diseases

 Dysbiosis: Diseases and negative consequences

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases

Autoimmune diseases

Bowel disorders

Cancers

Diabetes

Kidney diseases

Mental health disorders e.g., stress, psychotic disorders and diseases

Neurological disorders e.g., Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases

Obesity

Sex-related factors

Neonates

Infants

Children

Young adults

Adults

Genetics

Epigenetics

 Gut microbiome and Immune network interactions

Innate immune cells

Cytokines, chemokines, Interleukins and the related signaling pathways

Receptors including Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) e.g., Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and signaling pathways

Adaptive immune cells including B- and T cells

Non-immune cells