The Superior Colliculus/Tectum: Cell Types, Circuits, Computations, Behaviors

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Original Research
04 May 2018
Parvalbumin and GABA Microcircuits in the Mouse Superior Colliculus
Claudio A. Villalobos
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Michele A. Basso
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The mammalian superior colliculus (SC) is a sensorimotor midbrain structure responsible for orienting behaviors. Although many SC features are known, details of its intrinsic microcircuits are lacking. We used transgenic mice expressing reporter genes in parvalbumin-positive (PV+) and gamma aminobutyric acid-positive (GABA+) neurons to test the hypothesis that PV+ neurons co-localize GABA and form inhibitory circuits within the SC. We found more PV+ neurons in the superficial compared to the intermediate SC, although a larger percentage of PV+ neurons co-expressed GABA in the latter. Unlike PV+ neurons, PV+/GABA+ neurons showed predominantly rapidly inactivating spiking patterns. Optogenetic activation of PV+ neurons revealed direct and feedforward GABAergic inhibitory synaptic responses, as well as excitatory glutamatergic synapses. We propose that PV+ neurons in the SC may be specialized for a variety of circuit functions within the SC rather than forming a homogeneous, GABAergic neuronal subtype as they appear to in other regions of the brain.

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Original Research
17 January 2018
Expression of Kaede in the Gal4s1113t ET line. (A–K) The mean intensity, resulting from registering and averaging the expression pattern across nine animals, of the genotype Gal4s1113t;UAS:Kaede is shown in magenta, overlaid with a pan-neuronal (HuC) H2B-RFP label (green). (A–E) Whole brain images at five dorsal-ventral depths separated by 15–21 microns. Arrows in (A,B) indicate expression in the spinal cord of these animals. (F) In the dorsal brain, Gal4s1113t axons are present in the tectal neuropil (TN; red outline), tectal periventricular layer (PVL; cyan outline), valvula (Va) cerebellum (arrowhead) and hindbrain (Hb; arrow). (G) Axonal expression in the tectal neuropil (red outline) and sparse expression is seen in tectal periventricular neurons (cyan outline). Axons are present in the hindbrain (arrows). (H) Further ventral, expression is seen in the neuropil areas medial to the torus semicircularis (arrow) and in hindbrain neuropil (Hbn) regions (blue outline). (I) Axonal expression in the diffuse nucleus of the intermediate hypothalamus (IH; gray outline), a hypothalamic Gad1b cluster (blue outline) and hypothalamic Vglut2 cluster (red outline), and the migrated posterior tubercular area (M2; green outline). (J) Axonal labeling (arrow) of neurons with cell bodies located in the rostral hypothalamus (RH; outlined in red in K). Scale bars equal 200 μm.
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