REVIEW article
Front. Syst. Neurosci.
Volume 19 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2025.1444283
TDCS and neurofeedback in ADHD treatment
Provisionally accepted
Alexandra Bernadotte1,2,3*
Oksana Zinchenko4*- 1Laboratory of Algebraic Geometry and its Applications, Faculty of Mathematics, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Moscow Oblast, Russia
- 2National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow, Russia
- 3Independent researcher, Moscow, Russia
- 4National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) stands as one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders, affecting millions worldwide. While traditional pharmacological interventions have been the cornerstone of ADHD treatment, emerging novel methods such as transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and neurofeedback offer promising avenues for addressing the multifaceted challenges of ADHD management. This review paper critically synthesizes the current literature on tDCS and neurofeedback techniques in ADHD treatment, elucidating their mechanisms of action, efficacy, and potential as adjunct or alternative therapeutic modalities. By exploring these innovative approaches, this review aims to deepen our understanding of neurobiological underpinnings of ADHD and pave the way for more personalized and effective interventions, ultimately enhancing the quality of life for individuals grappling with ADHD symptoms.
Keywords: ADHD, tDCS, Neurofeedback, EEG, tACS (transcranial alternating current stimulation)
Received: 05 Jun 2024; Accepted: 30 Jul 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Bernadotte and Zinchenko. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Alexandra Bernadotte, Laboratory of Algebraic Geometry and its Applications, Faculty of Mathematics, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Moscow Oblast, Russia
Oksana Zinchenko, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
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