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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Ethol.

Sec. Adaptation and Evolution

Volume 4 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fetho.2025.1644812

Comparative Neurobiology of Vigilance and Stress Adaptation Systems in Wild and Laboratory Rodents (Rattus norvegicus)

Provisionally accepted
Molly  H KentMolly H Kent1Jonathan  RichardsonJonathan Richardson2Brendan  CrockettBrendan Crockett2Aditya  NarayananAditya Narayanan2Isabel  DilandroIsabel Dilandro2Ava  WagnerAva Wagner2Andres  MaucoAndres Mauco2Gabriella  HandfordGabriella Handford1Paean  LubyPaean Luby2Olivia  HardingOlivia Harding2Troy  RichterTroy Richter3Richard  G. HunterRichard G. Hunter3Sarah  Catherine HartvigsenSarah Catherine Hartvigsen2Jacy  JacobJacy Jacob2Kelly  G. LambertKelly G. Lambert2*
  • 1Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, United States
  • 2University of Richmond, Richmond, United States
  • 3University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, United States

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

Although chronic stress is typically associated with disease and negative outcomes, wild animals often survive—and even thrive—in environments marked by recurring threats. In this study, we investigated neurobiological differences in vigilance-associated and stress-coping systems, as well as resilience, in wild and laboratory-bred rats (Rattus norvegicus) to explore potential survival-related adaptations in wild populations. Consistent with previous findings, wild rats exposed to chronic environmental stressors exhibited heightened hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, evidenced by enlarged adrenal glands and elevated fecal metabolites of glucocorticoids. Brains were processed using thionin staining for neural and glial cell counts and immunohistochemistry for immunoreactive targets. Wild rats exhibited neuronal and glial cell modifications in vigilance-related cortical regions, including the auditory and piriform cortices. Additional adaptations included increased glial cell density in the lateral habenula—a region implicated in coping appraisal—and enhanced microvascular density in the hippocampus. These findings underscore the value of incorporating wild animals exposed to naturalistic stressors into the study of adaptive and maladaptive stress responses. Integrating wild and laboratory models may yield translational insights for developing therapeutic strategies targeting stress-and anxiety-related disorders.

Keywords: resilience, vigilance, stress response, coping, Wild rodents

Received: 10 Jun 2025; Accepted: 31 Aug 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Kent, Richardson, Crockett, Narayanan, Dilandro, Wagner, Mauco, Handford, Luby, Harding, Richter, Hunter, Hartvigsen, Jacob and Lambert. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Kelly G. Lambert, University of Richmond, Richmond, United States

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