ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Signal Process.
Sec. Biomedical Signal Processing
A computational approach for prediction of exons using static encoding methods, digital filter and windowing technique
Provisionally accepted
- School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Vellore, India
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DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a genetic blueprint that guides all living organisms how to grow, develop, work and reproduce. Exons and introns make up genes, which are the parts of DNA that indulge in making of proteins. It is hard to forecast exon areas for genomic signal processing since eukaryotes have a low density of exons, and they are arranged randomly. In computational biology, static and dynamic gene encoding systems are used to encode DNA sequences for computational analysis. This paper evaluates four static gene encoding schemes such as integer, Voss, paired numeric, and Electron-Ion Interaction Potential (EIIP) for protein-coding region identification. Two benchmark sequences, Caenorhabditis elegans Cosmid F56F11.4 and Mouse apolipoprotein A-IV gene (M13966.1) were analyzed. Using MATLAB simulations, the EIIP static method combined with a Cauer (Elliptic) filter for sharp spectral isolation and a Blackman Harris windowing (BH) for leakage suppression achieved superior discrimination of coding regions, detecting all exon segments with minimal noise. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed method achieves 84% sensitivity, 96% specificity and 94% accuracy, when evaluated on a benchmark gene sequence from the Caenorhabditis elegans Cosmid.
Keywords: Blackman-Harris windowing, Cauer filter, DNA, gene prediction, Protein-coding regions, Static encoding
Received: 04 Aug 2025; Accepted: 13 Nov 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Shaik and KUMAR VAEGAE. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: NAVEEN KUMAR VAEGAE, vegenaveen@vit.ac.in
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