ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Adv. Opt. Technol.
Sec. Applied Photonics
Volume 14 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/aot.2025.1560454
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Side Polished Single-Mode Fiber for Refractive Index Sensing
Provisionally accepted
- 1School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (ITESM), Monterrey, Mexico
- 2Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic of Bari, Bari, Italy
Select one of your emails
You have multiple emails registered with Frontiers:
Notify me on publication
Please enter your email address:
If you already have an account, please login
You don't have a Frontiers account ? You can register here
In this paper, we introduce a comprehensive study, based on both numerical and experimental analyses, of side polished-single mode fibers (SP-SMF) to investigate their corresponding evanescent field interaction with air and liquid analytes such as water and isopropanol (IPA). On the one hand, the SP-SMF's optical properties are numerically studied and analyzed by using the finite element method and the beam propagation method , and we find that the alteration of analytes at the sensing region enhances the change in the refractive index (RI) of the materials. On the other hand, we designed and built an ad-hoc experimental setup to characterize the SP-SMF when air, water, and IPA are introduced into the SP region.The sensitivity is measured as 1.207 V/RIU. The performance in terms of effective RI and transmittance are reported to show how these SP-SMFs can be efficiently used for calculating the liquid RI. The simulation and experimental results display the significant performance of the SP-SMF as a valuable sensing element.
Keywords: SP-SMF, Refractive index, analytes, optical sensor, optical fiber
Received: 14 Jan 2025; Accepted: 30 Jun 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Bilal, THOTTOLI, LOPEZ-AGUAYO and Grande. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Muhammad Musavir Bilal, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (ITESM), Monterrey, Mexico
SERVANDO LOPEZ-AGUAYO, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (ITESM), Monterrey, Mexico
Marco Grande, Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic of Bari, Bari, 70126, Italy
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.