Data-driven models for human-structure interaction based on MLP and NARX neural networks

Daniel Mena-Sanchez¹Natividad Garcia-Troncoso^2*Wilfredo Alfonso³Albert R. Ortiz¹Daniel Gomez¹

• ¹School of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
• ²Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias de la Tierra FICT, Guayaquil, Ecuador, Guayaquil, Ecuador
• ³School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia

Structural design often neglects the dynamic effects induced by human activities. Excessive vibrations in structures such as pedestrian bridges, grandstands, slabs, and stairways have brought attention to analyzing humans as dynamic systems interacting with structures. This phenomenon, commonly referred to as Human-Structure Interaction (HSI), has been investigated in this study using experimental records obtained from a cantilever steel frame specially constructed to represent a variety of structures susceptible to the HSI phenomenon. This study aims to develop and evaluate Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models capable of representing subjects in the passive condition of HSI using only simple anthropometric parameters. Two models, namely the Nonlinear Auto-Regressive with eXogenous input (NARX) and the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), are implemented and compared against a conventional mass–spring–damper (MSD) model. Results show that the ANN models significantly outperform the MSD model, achieving lower normalized mean square error (NMSE) values both in time response prediction (20.23% for NARX and 25.07% for MLP vs. 30.19% for MSD) and frequency response prediction (16.00% for NARX and 17.05% for MLP vs. 26.01% for MSD). These findings demonstrate that the proposed ANN-based models can predict the dynamic response of individual subjects using only simple anthropometric parameters, such as mass and height. This approach provides a practical and efficient tool for modeling HSI in civil engineering applications.