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BRIEF RESEARCH REPORT article

Front. Conserv. Sci.

Sec. Animal Conservation

Volume 6 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fcosc.2025.1652155

Preliminary study on premature infant death of Hainan gibbons (Nomascus hainanus): implications for conservation

Provisionally accepted
Ping  LiPing Li1Zhaoli  ZhouZhaoli Zhou2Wenyong  LiWenyong Li2Yuan  ChenYuan Chen3*Xuming  QiXuming Qi2*
  • 1Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
  • 2Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park Administration, Haikou, China
  • 3Hainan University, Hainan, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

Hainan gibbon (Nomascus hainanus) is China's only endemic gibbon species and among the world's rarest primate species. Documenting infant mortality and investigating their underlying are essential for informing evidence-based conservation strategies to support population recovery. From 2010 to 2024, we conducted demographic monitoring and behavioral observations of extant gibbon groups in Bawangling area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, China,recording four infant mortality cases through ad libitum sampling. Among these, three infants (75%) were born to primiparous females, while one (25%) was born to a multiparous female. Notably, we documented for the first time that 4-month-old infants began to move away from their mothers, and infant mortality events coincided temporally with their initial attempts at independent activities. These findings suggest that inadequate parenting experience (primiparity) in females and premature infant independence would be critical determinants of neonatal survival in Hainan gibbons. Specifically, infants born to primiparous mothers, particularly those aged 4-6 months, face elevated risks of accidental mortality. We propose that conservation efforts prioritize enhanced patrols and rescue protocols during this high-vulnerability stage. Long-term monitoring of infant birth-death dynamics, coupled with rigorous investigation of causative factors, is imperative for the conservation and population recovery of this Critically Endangered species.

Keywords: small ape, infants, premature death, Maternal parity, Infant independence

Received: 23 Jun 2025; Accepted: 07 Aug 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Li, Zhou, Li, Chen and Qi. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence:
Yuan Chen, Hainan University, Hainan, China
Xuming Qi, Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park Administration, Haikou, China

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