REVIEW article
Front. Conserv. Sci.
Sec. Plant Conservation
Volume 6 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fcosc.2025.1653827
Advances in Orchid Conservation: Biotechnology Applications and Global Trade Dynamics
Provisionally accepted
- 1Central Agricultural University, Imphal, India
- 2Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
- 3Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute, pampore, Jamu & kashmir, India
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Orchids are one of the most diverse and economically significant plant families, recognized for their ornamental, medicinal and commercial value in global floriculture. However, the conservation of orchid species faces significant challenges due to habitat destruction, illegal trade and climate change. In situ and ex situ conservation approaches, including advanced micropropagation technologies, have been pivotal in preserving the genetic diversity of endangered orchids. Cutting-edge modern biotechnological techniques including in vitro propagation, cryopreservation and seed banking and its integration can be promising in the conservation of orchids. Furthermore, international policies, such as (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) CITES have been enacted to regulate the trade of orchids, though illegal harvesting persists. This paper offers a comprehensive overview of both conservation strategies and the commercial aspects of orchids, emphasizing the need for balanced trade and sustainable conservation practices. highlights the integration of modern biotechnological techniques in the conservation of orchids such as in vitro propagation, cryopreservation and seed banking, which have proven pivotal in preserving the genetic diversity of endangered orchids. It also highlights the role of global trade in driving demand for both cultivated and wild orchids, posing threats to species sustainability. In-situ and ex-situ conservation approaches, including advanced micropropagation technologies have shown that these advanced methods, along with regulatory frameworks like CITES, have successfully enhanced conservation outcomes and mitigated biodiversity loss. The paper also Formatted: Line spacing: Multiple 1.15 li explores the dynamics of global orchid trade and emphasizes the need for sustainable practices that balance commercial interests with conservation imperatives.
Keywords: Orchid conservation, Biotechnology, In vitro Propagation, Cryopreservation, Illegal orchid trade, conservation, Orchid germplasm, Endangered Species
Received: 27 Jun 2025; Accepted: 18 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Sarmah, GURUNG, Saini, Devi and Mahapatra. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Dipika Sarmah, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, India
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