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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

Sec. Brain Health and Clinical Neuroscience

Volume 19 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2025.1576642

This article is part of the Research TopicExercising body & brain: the effects of physical exercise on brain healthView all 7 articles

Determining the Depth of Meditation Through Frontal Alpha Asymmetry

Provisionally accepted
  • 1Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bangalore, India
  • 2Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

Background: Electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha asymmetry has become a pivotal area of research for understanding functional hemispheric differences in neuroscience. To the best of our knowledge, the relationship between frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) and the depth of meditation has yet to be thoroughly examined. To address this gap, the present cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the meditative states of long-term meditators and non-meditators. Methods: This study examined 26 long-term Heartfulness meditation practitioners (LTM) and 33 non-meditators (NM), aged 30 to 45 years. Frontal EEG activity was employed to assess frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA), while self-reported measures, including the Meditation Depth Questionnaire (MEDEQ) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), were used to evaluate the depth of meditation. Results: The results demonstrated significant differences in self-reported meditation depth between the long-term meditators and non-meditators, as shown through MEDEQ and VAS assessments. Notably, the FAA findings exhibited distinct interaction effects that highlight variations between the two groups. Furthermore, a positive correlation was established between FAA and the depth of meditation, supporting the notion that EEG patterns are reflective of self-reported meditative experiences. Conclusion: The findings suggest that Heartfulness meditation may modulate FAA patterns in practitioners, which could be linked to enhanced emotional balance.

Keywords: Frontal alpha asymmetry, Electroencephalogram, Heartfulness Meditation, depth of meditation, Visual analogue scale

Received: 14 Feb 2025; Accepted: 14 Aug 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Krishna, Singh and N K. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Dwivedi Krishna, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bangalore, India

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