ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Hum. Neurosci.
Sec. Brain Health and Clinical Neuroscience
This article is part of the Research TopicGenetics and Mechanisms of Neurodevelopmental DisordersView all 11 articles
Signal mining of botulinum toxin type A adverse events based on FAERS database and its implications for the treatment of cerebral palsy
Provisionally accepted
- 1Department of Pharmacy, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
- 2The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine Zhuhai, Zhuhai, China
- 3State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- 4Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
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Objective: Based on the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), signal mining of adverse drug events (AEs) caused by Botulinum Toxin Type A (BoNTA) was performed to explore its safety implications for the treatment of cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: The OpenVigil 2.1 platform was used to extract AE reports on BoNTA from the FAERS database, covering the period from the fourth quarter of 2003 to the second quarter of 2024. Safety data were analyzed using the Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR) and Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), with BoNTA designated as the primary suspect drug. Results: A total of 124,538 AE reports related to BoNTA were identified, showing an overall upward trend in the annual report counts. Most reports originated from the United States, with patients predominantly aged 36–60 years and predominantly female. Prolonged hospitalization was the most frequently reported serious adverse event. Signal analysis identified 325 disproportionately reported events across 21 system-organ classes (SOCs). The top five preferred terms (PTs) by frequency were eyelid ptosis, dysphagia, muscle weakness, blurred vision, and injection site swelling. The top five PTs based on signal strength were brow ptosis, Mephisto sign, botulism, bizarre personal appearance, and neuromuscular toxicity. Notable lowest-level terms (LLTs) included eye swelling, injection site edema, facial pain, facial discomfort, increased residual urine volume, blurred vision, and eyelid swelling. Conclusion: In clinical practice involving BoNTA for CP treatment, clinicians should pay close attention to these identified signals. Strengthened pre-injection evaluation and post-injection monitoring are recommended to enable early detection and timely intervention, ensuring medication safety for patients.
Keywords: FDA Adverse Event Reporting System, Neuromuscular blocker, Botulinum toxin type A, Cerebral Palsy, adverse drug reactions, Signal mining
Received: 30 Jul 2025; Accepted: 03 Nov 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Wang, Ma, Lai and Huang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Yubin Huang, hyb830616@163.com
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