ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Lang. Sci.
Sec. Neurobiology of Language
Similar but different: ERP evidence on the processing of mental and physical experiencer verbs in Malayalam
Provisionally accepted
- 1Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, India
- 2Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Max Planck Society, Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany
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The study reported here was conducted to investigate the neurophysiological correlates of processing two types of subject experiencer verbs, namely mental experiencer verbs and physical experiencer verbs in Malayalam, a South Dravidian language. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded as twenty-eight first-language speakers of Malayalam read intransitive sentences with the two types of experiencer verbs. Critical stimuli were either fully acceptable, whereby the subject case matched the requirements of the verb, or unacceptable, whereby the subject case violated the requirements of the verb. A linear mixed-models analysis confirmed negativity effects in the time window 400–800 ms for mental and physical experiencer verbs. Post-hoc analyses revealed that the negativity peaked relatively early for mental experiencer verbs, whereas relatively late for physical experiencer verbs. Further, the sentence-final acceptability of trials modulated the ERPs in non-anomalous conditions but not in violation conditions, and this modulation qualitatively differed between mental and physical experiencer verbs. These results suggest that, whilst a qualitatively similar mechanism is involved in the processing of both kinds of experiencer verbs, subtle but robust differences are inherent in processing mental versus physical experiencer verbs in Malayalam.
Keywords: Mental experiencer verbs, Physical experiencer verbs, N400, Malayalam, Dative subjects
Received: 04 Jun 2025; Accepted: 24 Nov 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Shalu, Muralikrishnan, Mathew and Choudhary. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: R. Muralikrishnan, r.muralikrishnan@aesthetics.mpg.de
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