Microbiome-based Therapeutics for Metabolic Disorders: Harnessing Microbial Intrusions for Treatment

Nafees Ahmed¹Vishwas Gaur²Madhu Kamle²Ritu Chauhan³Abhishek Chauhan⁴Pradeep Kumar^2*Namita Ashish Singh^1*

• ¹Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
• ²University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
• ³Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, India
• ⁴Amity University Noida, Noida, India

The rising global rates of metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease etc., call for new treatment methods beyond traditional drugs. The human gut microbiota, made up of trillions of microorganisms, plays a crucial role in maintaining metabolic balance through complex biochemical processes and interactions between hosts and microbes. Dysbiosis, characterized by changes in microbial composition and a decrease in microbial diversity, has become a significant factor in metabolic disorders. This disruption impacts the production of short-chain fatty acids, increases the permeability of the intestine, and causes enduring low-grade inflammation. This review features the potential of treatments based on the microbiome for metabolic syndromes, focusing on probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics. It also encompasses innovative methods such as engineered microbial consortium, fecal microbiota transplantation, and vaginal microbiota transplantation. Probiotics show significant promise in improving blood sugar control and enhancing lipid levels. Prebiotics help bring about positive changes in microbial composition and the production of beneficial metabolites. Synbiotic combinations provide benefits by helping good microbes thrive while supplying nutrients they can ferment. Postbiotics have recently focused because they are safer, more stable, easier to store, and less likely to contribute to antibiotic resistance. Even now, there are substantial complications in translating microbiome research into standardized therapeutics despite promising pre-clinical outcomes and some clinical data. These comprise individual variances, strain-specificity, dosage problems, regulation issues, and the necessity for personalised treatment strategies. Future success will depend upon personalized medicine, technological developments, and the incorporation of a multi-omics strategy.