ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Physiol.
Sec. Vascular Physiology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1569167
This article is part of the Research TopicIntegrative Endothelial Signaling Mechanisms in Resistance ArteriesView all articles
Acetylcholine activates a regenerative vasodilator mechanism that is sensitive to nitric oxide production
Provisionally accepted- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Conduction of changes in diameter of arterioles plays an important role in the coordination of blood flow distribution. The endothelium regulates vasomotor tone by generation of vasodilator signals, such as nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium-derived hyperpolarization (EDH). Endothelium-mediated vasodilator responses initiated in an arteriolar segment are conducted along the vessel length, which is thought to depend on electrotonic spread of the EDH signaling activated at the stimulation site, but, in contrast, the contribution of NO is controversial. Then, we used the mouse cremaster muscle microcirculation in vivo to analyze the participation of NO in the mechanisms involved in the conducted vasodilation observed in response to the stimulation of a short arteriolar segment with a pulse of acetylcholine (ACh), an endothelium-dependent vasodilator, or S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), a NO donor. The response to ACh spread along the entire vessel showing only a slight decay and, in contrast, the dilation evoked by SNAP was restricted to the stimulation site, independently of the magnitude of the response. Blockade of NO production with 100 µM N G -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or 100 µM N G -nitro-L-arginine (L-NA) reduced the arteriolar resting diameter by 10-12%, but combined application of both blockers enhanced the basal vasoconstrictor tone by ~38% and inhibited the local (~45%) and conducted (~20-35%) responses initiated by ACh. Interestingly, the conduction of ACh-induced vasodilation increased along the vessel length in the presence of L-NAME and L-NA. In addition, blockade of endothelial cell hyperpolarization exclusively at the stimulation site through microsuperfusion of tetraethylammonium inhibited the local vasodilation, but not the conduction of the response. These results suggest that ACh activates a NO-sensitive mechanism of regenerative propagation of vasodilator responses, which contributes to our understanding of microvascular function and the complex integration of endothelial signaling pathways in the coordination of blood flow distribution.
Keywords: conducted vasodilation, Endothelial Cells, Nitric Oxide, Resting Arteriolar Diameter, Mouse cremaster arterioles, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), Endothelium-derived hyperpolarization (EDH), Acetylcholine
Received: 31 Jan 2025; Accepted: 28 Apr 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Barrera, Márquez, Muñoz-Uribe and Figueroa. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Xavier Figueroa, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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