Impact of cricothyroid membrane puncture anesthesia on elderly patients undergoing endotracheal intubation after anesthesia induction: a clinical study

Yanbing WangHongchuan ZhaoYanjiao LiangXiaoli LiXiao BiHao Lian^*

• Chifeng Cancer Hospital, Inner Mongolia, China

Objective: This study investigated the clinical effects of cricothyroid membrane puncture (CMP) anesthesia surface anesthesia following anesthesia induction on elderly patients undergoing endotracheal intubation (ETI).Methods: Eighty elderly patients scheduled for general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation at our hospital from January to December 2023 were enrolled and randomly assigned (n = 40 each) to a study group or a control group. After intravenous anesthesia induction, the study group received 2% lidocaine via CMP for surface anesthesia, while the control group received no CMP administration. The incidence of coughing during extubation in the emergence phase, first-attempt intubation success, hypoxemia, hypotension, and vasoactive drug use were recorded. Hemodynamic parameters and adverse events were compared between groups.Results: All patients achieved successful first-attempt intubation. There were no significant differences in hypoxemia incidence between groups (P > 0.05). The study group had lower rates of hypotension and vasoactive drug use compared with the control group (P < 0.05), as well as a lower incidence of coughing during extubation (P < 0.05). At T0, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and SpO2 did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). At T1-T3, HR, SBP, and MAP were significantly lower in the study group (P < 0.05), with no significant differences in SpO2 (P > 0.05). Total adverse event rates were similar between groups (P > 0.05).CMP surface anesthesia following anesthesia induction in elderly patients provides favorable clinical effects by improving hemodynamic stability and reducing coughing during emergence, without increasing adverse events.