ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Physiol.
Sec. Exercise Physiology
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1602503
This article is part of the Research TopicTowards a Psychophysiological Approach in Physical Activity, Exercise, and Sports-Volume VView all 5 articles
Physical exertion does not lead to a change in the time taken to correctly recognize stereoscopic stimuli in changing horizontal disparity levels
Provisionally accepted
- 1Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- 2Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, Technische Fakultät, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
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Background and Question:In elite sports, having good stereoscopic vision is important, especially during significant physical exertion.We investigated whether increased physical exertion leads to changes in the time it takes to correctly recognize stereoscopic stimuli in changing horizontal disparity conditions (latency).Study Design and Research Methods: Twenty-one male and female test subjects, aged 39.0 ± 18.7 years, completed four rounds, each consisting of three attempts. One training round took place with no physical exertion. Then, three rounds took place with low (HR = 100 beats per minute on average), medium (HR = 120 beats per minute on average), and high (HR = 155 beats per minute on average) levels of exertion. These levels of exertion were achieved by using an exercise bike and increasing the power in watts accordingly and by using a pulse oximeter to monitor heart rate. During each attempt, the test subjects were tested for five stereoscopic disparities (32, 128, 192, 256, and 320 arcsec), each presented 16 times for a total of 80 stimuli. Changes in reaction time, percentage of correct answers, and the "GAIN" parameter (reaction time increase per stereo disparity decrease) were recorded.Results: The percentage of correct answers does not change with increasing physical exertion, and the reaction time for correctly answering does not increase significantly with increased physical exertion. For example, no significant difference was found in the response time at 32 arcsec between low (803.0 ms) and high (745.5 ms), p=0.478.Conclusions: Physical exertion up to heart rates > 140/min does not impair the recognition of stereoscopic stimuli at different disparities.
Keywords: stereoscopic vision, Physical Exertion, Sport, cognition time, Depth Perception
Received: 01 Apr 2025; Accepted: 24 Jun 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Frisch, Mehringer, Ring, Michelson and Eskofier. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Florian Frisch, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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