Advances in Computational Neuroimaging for Neurological Diseases

Medical images reflect the internal structure of the human body and are one of the main bases for modern medical diagnosis. The efficiency, accuracy, and reliability of clinical diagnosis can be improved by using image processing methods to analyze images, realize detection, 3D segmentation and 3D reconstruction of human organs, soft tissues and diseased bodies in both qualitative and quantitative fashion. Medical image processing is considered to have broad application prospects in neurological diseases, because it can obtain the overall structural or pathological changes of the brain and spinal cord in vivo, and this access makes it a realistic tool to monitor the parameters of neural activity. It is well known that applying different computational algorithms to generate and analyze the acquired imaging data is a critical step in processing neuroimaging data. Advances in artificial intelligence such as deep learning, have had a major impact on and contributed significantly to neuroimaging in the past decade. Therefore, the topic of this special issue mainly focuses on the fields of neuroimaging, recent computational techniques and biomedical devices, including pattern recognition, signal processing, image processing, medical computer vision, machine learning, image-based modeling, data mining, diffusion models, wearable devices, etc. Application and exploration in various nervous system diseases.

All Original Research, Brief Research Reports, Data Descriptors, Hypotheses and Theory, Study Protocols and Review articles that focus on, but are not limited to, the topics mentioned below are welcome:
- Neuroimaging and image data analysis (segmentation, classification, detection, etc.) from traditional methods to deep learning methods
- Improvements and innovative applications of neurological image processing in brain and spinal cord diseases
- Application of artificial intelligence and computer-aided detection/diagnosis in neurological diseases
- Clinical translation of neuroimaging on biomedical devices
- Combined with medical image processing, finding a novel gene target, signaling pathway or molecular protein that may play a role in neurological diseases.

Keywords: neuroimage processing, data analysis, neurological diseases, deep learning, spinal cord, biomedical devices

Important Note: All contributions to this Research Topic must be within the scope of the section and journal to which they are submitted, as defined in their mission statements. Frontiers reserves the right to guide an out-of-scope manuscript to a more suitable section or journal at any stage of peer review.