Asymmetries and hemispheric interaction in the auditory system of elderly people

Introduction

Older adults often have difficulties in understanding speech especially during noisy conditions (Glyde et al., 2011). Age-related hearing difficulties are present also despite normal peripheral hearing (Füllgrabe et al., 2014). In addition to age-related peripheral hearing loss and cognitive decline, central auditory processing changes with age, e.g., the division of labor between hemispheres and the efficiency of hemispheric interaction (Martin and Jerger, 2005; Bellis and Jorgensen, 2013). An efficient division of labor and interaction between hemispheres, however, is required for processing complex auditory stimuli because different acoustic features are processed differently in the left and right hemisphere. For example, the left hemisphere is specialized for temporal processing and the right hemisphere for spectral processing (Zatorre and Belin, 2001). For processing of complex auditory stimuli such as speech and music, the simultaneous processing of different acoustic parameters is essential. Changes in lateralization and impaired hemispheric interaction with aging might lead to a decline in central auditory processing in addition to age-related peripheral hearing loss and cognitive decline. Understanding the mechanisms of decline in central auditory processing is very important, as hearing difficulties are one of the main risk factors for developing dementia (Livingston et al., 2020).

There are two main models for the effect of aging on hemispheric asymmetries (Ocklenburg and Güntürkün, 2018). The right hemi-aging model is supported by behavioral studies and assumes that right hemispheric functions (e.g., visuo-spatial abilities) are more strongly impaired by aging than left hemispheric functions (e.g., verbal abilities) (Dolcos et al., 2002). The HAROLD (hemispheric asymmetry reduction in older adults) model was derived in the context of asymmetries in episodic memory retrieval and is mainly supported by neuroimaging studies. It assumes that prefrontal activity is less lateralized in older than younger adults (Cabeza, 2002). The author suggested that more bilateral activity in older adults might have a compensatory function (counteract cognitive decline) or might reflect a dedifferentiation process (difficulties to recruit specialized neuronal processes). However, these two models are not specific for alterations in lateralization of processing in the auditory domain. The mini-review discusses recent neuroimaging studies on alterations in the lateralization of cortical processing and structural changes concerning the division of labor and interaction between hemispheres during auditory processing in elderly people with the focus on people without severe hearing loss (Table 1).

Table 1

Table 1. Overview of cited original studies with age range, number of participants (N), hearing status, used methods and tasks.

Anatomical alterations

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data suggest a decline in connections between hemispheres via the corpus callosum with aging based on measured reduction in fractional anisotropy (FA) and increase in mean diffusivity (MD) (Ota et al., 2006; Lebel et al., 2010). These alterations suggest a decrease in myelination and reduced number of axons in older compared to younger adults (Tromp, 2016). FA is also specifically reduced in fibers connecting the auditory cortices of both hemispheres (Stadler et al., 2023). This decline in interhemispheric anatomical connections in older adults might affect the functional division of labor between hemispheres because hemispheric interaction depends on its advantages and costs (Banich, 1998).

Altered corpus callosum integrity can correlate with altered performance: younger and older adults with lower callosal FA showed lower performance in spatial digit segregation (Dias et al., 2020). The older adults showed lower callosal FA and lower task performance than the younger adults. From their analysis, the authors suggested that age-related deficits in spatial digit segregation are explainable by individual callosal FA values.

In addition to alterations of anatomical connections between hemispheres with aging, asymmetric atrophy in left and right hemispheric regions were observed. Plessen et al. (2014) described a stronger reduction of cortical thickness among other regions in right temporal regions with age in people aged 7–59 years. With an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis, Minkova et al. (2017) observed converging evidence for a right-lateralized gray matter loss in the superior temporal gyrus (STG). Whereas in other areas a left-lateralization of gray matter loss was found (supramarginal gyrus, inferior parietal lobe, postcentral gyrus). In the same line, Stadler et al. (2023) showed stronger right hemispheric reduction of auditory cortex (AC) regions-of-interests (ROIs) in older adults derived from probability maps (Amunts et al., 2020, 2021). In the temporal lobe, the results of these studies fit to the right hemi-aging model (Dolcos et al., 2002).

Profant et al. (2014) did not observe that age-related atrophy changed the left-lateralization of gray matter volume and gyral surface area of Heschl's gyrus (HG) or planum temporale (PT) in participants with mild and expressed presbycusis. However, from their DTI data they suggested that the white matter under the left HG is stronger affected by age than under the right HG (trend for stronger decrease in MD and axial vector of diffusion in the white matter under left HG). From their data, they also suggested that changes in gray and white matter are affected predominately by age and not by presbycusis.

Different correlations between atrophy in AC areas and behavior between younger and older adults were also observed. By investigating the PT, older adults showed bilateral lower cortical volume, thickness and surface area (Isler et al., 2021). In older adults, these values correlated positively with performance in vowel discrimination meaning that higher atrophy was associated with lower performance. In younger adults, lower cortical thickness in left PT was associated with better performance which was interpreted as a possible sign of efficient neural organization. Overall, the differences in correlation were interpreted to suggest that speech processing becomes more bilateral with aging.

Other studies observed that cortical thickness was lower in normal-hearing older than in younger adults in both left and right auditory areas, whereas cortical surface area did not differ between younger and older adults (Giroud et al., 2018, 2019). However, only in older adults, thicker right PT was associated with better frequency selectivity performance and thicker right Heschl's sulcus (HS) with better temporal compression performance (Giroud et al., 2018). Also only in older adults, bigger cortical surface area in the right HG and right STG were associated with better frequency selectivity performance. In addition, older people with larger cortical thickness in the right HS showed better performance in speech in noise perception. This is in line with their interpretation that older adults rely more on prosodic cues, the processing of which is known to be right lateralized. Similarly, in older adults, better performance in fundamental frequency discrimination was related to larger cortical thickness in the right STG (Giroud et al., 2019). In contrast, a positive correlation between mismatch-negativity (MMN) on stress within a word and cortical surface area of left STG and left HS were observed. Their interpretation was that in older adults with larger surface in left auditory areas, the perception of complex spectro-temporal pattern might be more robust against aging effects. However, a test on the correlation in the group of younger adults was not reported in this study.

Functional alterations—fMRI studies

With two auditory and two visual tasks, Berlingeri et al. (2013) observed that the HAROLD effect is not only present in the prefrontal cortex. Older adults showed a reduction of the left-lateralized processing observed in younger adults during a sentence judgement task and a sentence recognition task (a long-term memory task) in language processing areas (STG, inferior frontal gyrus). The authors suggested that the HAROLD model might be a specific form of the compensation-related utilization of neural circuits (CRUNCH) hypothesis that suggests that older adults recruit additional resources for compensation to increase performance (Reuter-Lorenz and Cappell, 2008).

In another study, older adults did not show the rightward lateralization for the processing of suprasegmental speech cues that was present in younger adults (Liem et al., 2014; Keller et al., 2019). In younger adults, the lateralization in the investigated auditory regions HG, PT, posterior STG were shifted to the right hemisphere when the locally time-reversed segments of sentences got longer (Liem et al., 2014), whereas this was not the case in older adults (Keller et al., 2019). In addition, links between functional lateralization and behavioral task performance and anatomy were observed in the older adults (Keller et al., 2019): older adults whose lateralization of processing in the PT and posterior STG changed less with the variation of stimulation (length of time-reversed segments) performed better in the pattern-matching task. In addition, older adults with higher cortical thickness in the right PT showed less variability in functional lateralization across different time-reversed segment lengths.

A study with a high amount of left-handers (77 out of 224) from 18 to 76 years suggested that the reduction of language lateralization with age is strongly influenced by handedness and sex (Nenert et al., 2017). A decrease of the lateralization index with age was observed only in male right-handers and only in the temporo-parietal ROI during covert verb generation on acoustically presented nouns and not in a semantic decision task. However, the authors used masks that spanned multiple functional areas and thus these masks were possibly too unspecific to identify age-related effects on lateralization that may be present only in small areas.

In a study with a semantic task in comparison to a tone discrimination task, older adults showed the same overall activation pattern and lateralization as younger adults after controlling for gray matter percentage, age and reaction time during tone discrimination (Liu et al., 2022). However, older adults showed weaker functional interhemispheric connectivity between right middle frontal gyrus and left STG than younger adults. Furthermore, while there was no correlation between performance and brain responses in the younger group, better performance in the older group was accompanied by greater left-lateralization of activity in the supramarginal gyrus and stronger interhemispheric fronto-parietal connections.

In another study, processing in younger and older adults were compared with two tasks that differently require hemispheric interaction (Stadler et al., 2023). Older adults stronger involved AC areas, especially during the task that strongly requires hemispheric interaction, i.e., comparison of direction of frequency modulations (Brechmann et al., 2007; Angenstein and Brechmann, 2013). Furthermore, especially during this task, left and right AC activity correlated with activity in several areas intra- and interhemispherically, e.g., areas for language processing, working memory, attention and motor planning. However, during both tasks the correlation between left and right AC activity was higher in younger than older adults. This was explained by lower anatomical connections in older than in younger participants.

During indicating the appearance of pink noise, older adults with both mild and expressed presbycusis showed stronger right lateralized processing than younger adults (Profant et al., 2015). Similarly, during hearing babble noise and word working memory tasks, older adults showed a more rightward shift of asymmetry compared to the left-lateralized asymmetry in the STG and HG of younger adults (Manan et al., 2013).

A mixed group of older adults with mild and expressed presbycusis with and without tinnitus showed stronger activity in the left AC and less lateralization of activity compared to younger adults with a combined analysis of different acoustic stimulation (words, words in babble, modulated pink noise and babble) (Fuksa et al., 2022). However, it is not clear how much this result was affected by tinnitus and presbycusis.

Functional alterations—EEG and MEG studies

Effects of age on resting-state EEG power were investigated in two frequency bands relevant for speech processing (theta for prosody, intonation and low gamma for formant transitions, voice onset times) at auditory ROI electrodes (Giroud et al., 2018). Theta power showed rightward asymmetry in older but not in younger adults. Theta power for the younger group and gamma power for both groups did not show a significant lateralization. However, gamma and theta power showed a trend for more right lateralization in the older compared to the younger group. Furthermore, beside the above-mentioned relation between anatomy and performance, they also observed a correlation between lateralization of resting state theta power and anatomy in older adults. Only in older adults, thicker cortex around the right superior temporal sulcus predicted stronger right-lateralization of theta power. This also fits to their suggestion that older adults rely more on prosodic cues during speech processing than younger adults.

In another study, older adults showed reduced contralateral lateralization of processing during passive listening to noise bursts with different interaural time differences (ITD), although the overall responses were larger in older adults (Eddins et al., 2022). This reduction was more pronounced for right-leading stimuli suggesting a hemispheric difference in the reduction of contralaterality with aging.

With source analyses on auditory steady-state responses (ASSR), Farahani et al. (2020) observed for different frequencies of amplitude modulations (4, 20, 40, 80 Hz) and depending on the side of stimulation different effects of age on lateralization. For 80 Hz modulation, the right-lateralized asymmetry of activity in subcortical structures observed in younger adults was absent in older adults with exceptionally good hearing. For AC sources, reduction of lateralization, no change or even reversal of lateralization compared to younger adults were observed. The results showed that there are alterations in hemispheric asymmetry in temporal processing with aging. Further interpretations are difficult because even in younger adults the lateralization of ASSR for AC sources varied strongly with frequency and side of stimulation and was not always consistent with previous studies. Sensor level analysis showed mainly a reduction of ASSR asymmetry in older adults for 80 Hz amplitude modulations (Goossens et al., 2016). For 40 Hz ASSR, reduced total power and inter-trial coherence were observed with aging in the left but not right hemisphere (Edgar et al., 2014, 2017).

Metabolic alterations

With magnetic resonance spectroscopy, a higher GABA level in the left than in the right AC was detected in younger but not in older adults (Dobri and Ross, 2021; Dobri et al., 2022). The authors suggested that this reduction in GABA asymmetry might be an explanation for age-related deficits in auditory hemispheric interaction (Martin and Jerger, 2005). Furthermore, they observed a correlation between GABA level in the right AC of older adults and age and performance in a speech-in-noise test, i.e., lower GABA level correlated with higher age and lower performance (Dobri and Ross, 2021). Their interpretation was that lower GABA level leads to lower temporal precision, making feature binding more difficult, which in turn complicates separation of speech from noise. In addition to differences in metabolite concentrations in the left and right AC without stimulation, differences were also detected after pure tone stimulation: younger adults showed a strong right-sided asymmetry of (glutamine/glutamate)/creatine concentration and a left sided asymmetry for GABA/creatine which were both strongly reduced in older adults (Chen et al., 2013). The authors interpreted this by a disappearance of hemispheric dominance for tone processing in older adults.

Discussion

Recent neuroimaging studies not only confirmed previous behavioral and electrophysiological studies (Martin and Jerger, 2005; Bellis and Jorgensen, 2013) but also provided new insights in asymmetry differences and alterations in hemispheric interaction in the auditory system in older compared to younger adults. Asymmetric atrophy was observed, however, not in all studies. Furthermore, several anatomical measures in left and right auditory cortical areas differently correlate with behavior in older compared to younger adults. Asymmetries of neurotransmitter concentrations are reduced in older adults. Connections between left and right AC decrease during aging. Functionally, aging seems to lead to a reduction in asymmetry of auditory processing. However, the results do not always point in the same direction. The functional changes in AC asymmetries during aging might be due to compensation of decreasing processing capacities, but at the same time these mechanisms could impair the well-balanced functional division of labor between hemispheres. Neuroimaging studies are essential to follow these slowly developing processes with aging as in the beginning no behavioral effects might be visible due to compensation, whereas compensatory processes can be observed through increased activity, e.g., shown by the contralateral noise procedure (Angenstein and Brechmann, 2013, 2015, 2017; Brechmann and Angenstein, 2019; Stadler et al., 2023).

Inconsistent results of the individual studies might be due to different age ranges and different hearing thresholds of participants. For example, it has been shown in older adults that hearing impairment led to stronger decline in brain volume in right than left temporal regions compared to normal-hearing people (Lin et al., 2014). Furthermore, tasks, passive listening or only the detection of the presence of a stimulus were used. Using detection tasks or passive listening might reduce effects of general cognitive decline on results. However, in these cases the specificity of the results for auditory processing is reduced. In addition, there are large methodological differences between studies, e.g., using sensor- or source-level analyses with the same EEG-data can already lead to different results regarding the lateralization of processing (Goossens et al., 2016; Edgar et al., 2017; Farahani et al., 2020). Sometimes an apparent reduction of lateralization due to aging might simply be the result of missing activity in older adults (Berlingeri et al., 2013).

Future studies need to decipher further the effects of changes in functional and anatomical hemispheric asymmetries and reduced hemispheric interaction with age, age-related hearing loss and declining cognitive abilities, all of which influence each other in various ways (Humes et al., 2012; Rönnberg et al., 2013; Cardin, 2016; Ebaid and Crewther, 2020; Uchida et al., 2021; Lentz et al., 2022). Therefore, all studies should be conducted with young control participants who are comparable in terms of their peripheral hearing and cognitive abilities. For the interpretability of the results, specific tasks with well-controlled difficulty should always be used, since task difficulty influences hemispheric involvement in addition to the given tasks (Brechmann and Angenstein, 2019), and age effects are more pronounced with complex stimuli or demanding tasks (Martin and Jerger, 2005; Bellis and Jorgensen, 2013). For DTI measurements, the use of MRI metrics that are robust against crossing fibers (Figley et al., 2021) might reveal additional age-related hemispheric differences in the integrity of the auditory pathway.

Answering the open questions will help to develop diagnostic methods and treatment for age-related hearing impairment that are caused at least partly by changes in the division of labor between hemispheres with aging. Possible interventions should strengthen interhemispheric connectivity or adjust lateralization of auditory processing, e.g., by music-based intervention (Quinci et al., 2022), listing training with contralateral noise (Brechmann and Angenstein, 2019; Stadler et al., 2023) or transcranial stimulation.

Author contributions

NA: Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing.

Funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. The publication of this article was funded by the Open Access Fund of the Leibniz Association.

Acknowledgments

I thank André Brechmann and Jörg Stadler for discussions.

Conflict of interest

The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

The author NA declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision.

Publisher's note

All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Abbreviations

AC, auditory cortex; DTI, diffusion tensor imaging; EEG, electroencephalography; FA, fractional anisotropy; HG, Heschl's gyrus; HAROLD, hemispheric asymmetry reduction in older adults; HS, Heschl's sulcus; MEG, Magnetoencephalography; MMN, mismatch negativity; (f)MRI, (functional) magnetic resonance imaging; MD, mean diffusivity; PT, planum temporale; ROI, region-of-interest; STG, superior temporal gyrus.

References

Amunts, K., Mohlberg, H., Bludau, S., Caspers, S., Brandstetter, A., Eickhoff, S. B., et al. (2021). Julich-Brain Atlas - Whole-Brain Collections of Cytoarchitectonic Probabilistic Maps (v2.9). EBRAINS. doi: 10.25493/46HK-XMM

Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Amunts, K., Mohlberg, H., Bludau, S., and Zilles, K. (2020). Julich-Brain: a 3D probabilistic atlas of the human brain's cytoarchitecture. Science 369, 988–992. doi: 10.1126/science.abb4588

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Angenstein, N., and Brechmann, A. (2013). Left auditory cortex is involved in pairwise comparisons of the direction of frequency modulated tones. Front. Neurosci. 7, 115. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2013.00115

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Angenstein, N., and Brechmann, A. (2015). Auditory intensity processing: categorization versus comparison. Neuroimage 119, 362–370. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.06.074

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Angenstein, N., and Brechmann, A. (2017). Effect of sequential comparison on active processing of sound duration. Hum. Brain Mapp. 38, 4459–4469. doi: 10.1002/hbm.23673

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Banich, M. T. (1998). The missing link: the role of interhemispheric interaction in attentional processing. Brain Cogn. 36, 128–157. doi: 10.1006/brcg.1997.0950

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Bellis, T. J., and Jorgensen, L. E. (2013). “Aging of the auditory system and differential diagnosis of central auditory processing disorder in older listeners,” in Handbook of Central Auditory Processing Disorder - Auditory Neuroscience and Diagnosis, eds F. E. Musiek, and G. D. Chermak (San Diego: Plural Publishing), 499–532.

Google Scholar

Berlingeri, M., Danelli, L., Bottini, G., Sberna, M., and Paulesu, E. (2013). Reassessing the HAROLD model: is the hemispheric asymmetry reduction in older adults a special case of compensatory-related utilisation of neural circuits? Exp. Brain Res. 224, 393–410. doi: 10.1007/s00221-012-3319-x

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Brechmann, A., and Angenstein, N. (2019). The impact of task difficulty on the lateralization of processing in the human auditory cortex. Hum. Brain Mapp. 40, 5341–5353. doi: 10.1002/hbm.24776

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Brechmann, A., Gaschler-Markefski, B., Sohr, M., Yoneda, K., Kaulisch, T., and Scheich, H. (2007). Working memory specific activity in auditory cortex: potential correlates of sequential processing and maintenance. Cereb. Cortex 17, 2544–2552. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhl160

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Cabeza, R. (2002). Hemispheric asymmetry reduction in older adults: the HAROLD model. Psychol. Aging 17, 85–100. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.17.1.85

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Cardin, V. (2016). Effects of aging and adult-onset hearing loss on cortical auditory regions. Front. Neurosci. 10, 199. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00199

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Chen, X., Liang, Y., Deng, Y., Li, J., Chen, S., Wang, C., et al. (2013). Age-associated reduction of asymmetry in human central auditory function: a 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Neural. Plast. 2013, 735290. doi: 10.1155/2013/735290

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Dias, J. W., Mcclaskey, C. M., Eckert, M. A., Jensen, J. H., and Harris, K. C. (2020). Intra- and interhemispheric white matter tract associations with auditory spatial processing: distinct normative and aging effects. Neuroimage 215, 116792. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116792

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Dobri, S., Chen, J. J., and Ross, B. (2022). Insights from auditory cortex for GABA+ magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of aging. Eur. J. Neurosci. 56, 4425–4444. doi: 10.1111/ejn.15755

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Dobri, S. G. J., and Ross, B. (2021). Total GABA level in human auditory cortex is associated with speech-in-noise understanding in older age. Neuroimage 225, 117474. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117474

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Dolcos, F., Rice, H. J., and Cabeza, R. (2002). Hemispheric asymmetry and aging: right hemisphere decline or asymmetry reduction. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 26, 819–825. doi: 10.1016/S0149-7634(02)00068-4

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Ebaid, D., and Crewther, S. G. (2020). Time for a systems biological approach to cognitive aging?-a critical review. Front. Aging. Neurosci. 12, 114. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00114

Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Eddins, A. C., Ozmeral, E. J., and Eddins, D. A. (2022). Aging alters across-hemisphere cortical dynamics during binaural temporal processing. Front. Neurosci. 16, 1060172. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1060172

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Edgar, J. C., Chen, Y. H., Lanza, M., Howell, B., Chow, V. Y., Heiken, K., et al. (2014). Cortical thickness as a contributor to abnormal oscillations in schizophrenia? Neuroimage Clin. 4, 122–129. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2013.11.004

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Edgar, J. C., Fisk, C. I., Chen, Y. H., Stone-Howell, B., Hunter, M. A., Huang, M., et al. (2017). By our bootstraps: comparing methods for measuring auditory 40 Hz steady-state neural activity. Psychophysiology 54, 1110–1127. doi: 10.1111/psyp.12876

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Farahani, E. D., Wouters, J., and Van Wieringen, A. (2020). Neural generators underlying temporal envelope processing show altered responses and hemispheric asymmetry across age. Front. Aging Neurosci. 12, 596551. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.596551

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Figley, C. R., Uddin, M. N., Wong, K., Kornelsen, J., Puig, J., and Figley, T. D. (2021). Potential pitfalls of using fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity as biomarkers of cerebral white matter microstructure. Front. Neurosci. 15, 799576. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.799576

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Fuksa, J., Profant, O., Tintera, J., Svobodova, V., Tothova, D., Skoch, A., et al. (2022). Functional changes in the auditory cortex and associated regions caused by different acoustic stimuli in patients with presbycusis and tinnitus. Front. Neurosci. 16, 921873. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.921873

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Füllgrabe, C., Moore, B. C., and Stone, M. A. (2014). Age-group differences in speech identification despite matched audiometrically normal hearing: contributions from auditory temporal processing and cognition. Front. Aging Neurosci. 6, 347. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00347

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Giroud, N., Hirsiger, S., Muri, R., Kegel, A., Dillier, N., and Meyer, M. (2018). Neuroanatomical and resting state EEG power correlates of central hearing loss in older adults. Brain. Struct. Funct. 223, 145–163. doi: 10.1007/s00429-017-1477-0

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Giroud, N., Keller, M., Hirsiger, S., Dellwo, V., and Meyer, M. (2019). Bridging the brain structure-brain function gap in prosodic speech processing in older adults. Neurobiol. Aging 80, 116–126. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.04.017

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Glyde, H., Hickson, L., Cameron, S., and Dillon, H. (2011). Problems hearing in noise in older adults: a review of spatial processing disorder. Trends. Amplif. 15, 116–126. doi: 10.1177/1084713811424885

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Goossens, T., Vercammen, C., Wouters, J., and Van Wieringen, A. (2016). Aging affects neural synchronization to speech-related acoustic modulations. Front. Aging Neurosci. 8, 133. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00133

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Humes, L. E., Dubno, J. R., Gordon-Salant, S., Lister, J. J., Cacace, A. T., Cruickshanks, K. J., et al. (2012). Central presbycusis: a review and evaluation of the evidence. J. Am. Acad. Audiol. 23, 635–666. doi: 10.3766/jaaa.23.8.5

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Isler, B., Giroud, N., Hirsiger, S., Kleinjung, T., and Meyer, M. (2021). Bilateral age-related atrophy in the planum temporale is associated with vowel discrimination difficulty in healthy older adults. Hear. Res. 406, 108252. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2021.108252

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Keller, M., Neuschwander, P., and Meyer, M. (2019). When right becomes less right: neural dedifferentiation during suprasegmental speech processing in the aging brain. Neuroimage 189, 886–895. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.01.050

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Lebel, C., Caverhill-Godkewitsch, S., and Beaulieu, C. (2010). Age-related regional variations of the corpus callosum identified by diffusion tensor tractography. Neuroimage 52, 20–31. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.03.072

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Lentz, J. J., Humes, L. E., and Kidd, G. R. (2022). Differences in auditory perception between young and older adults when controlling for differences in hearing loss and cognition. Trends Hear. 26, 23312165211066180. doi: 10.1177/23312165211066180

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Liem, F., Hurschler, M. A., Jancke, L., and Meyer, M. (2014). On the planum temporale lateralization in suprasegmental speech perception: evidence from a study investigating behavior, structure, and function. Hum. Brain Mapp. 35, 1779–1789. doi: 10.1002/hbm.22291

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Lin, F. R., Ferrucci, L., An, Y., Goh, J. O., Doshi, J., Metter, E. J., et al. (2014). Association of hearing impairment with brain volume changes in older adults. Neuroimage 90, 84–92. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.12.059

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Liu, H., Miyakoshi, M., Nakai, T., and Annabel Chen, S. H. (2022). Aging patterns of Japanese auditory semantic processing: an fMRI study. Neuropsychol. Dev. Cogn. B Aging Neuropsychol. Cogn. 29, 213–236. doi: 10.1080/13825585.2020.1861202

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Livingston, G., Huntley, J., Sommerlad, A., Ames, D., Ballard, C., Banerjee, S., et al. (2020). Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission. Lancet 396, 413–446. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30367-6

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Manan, H. A., Franz, E. A., Yusoff, A. N., and Mukari, S. Z.-M. S. (2013). Age-related laterality shifts in auditory and attention networks with normal ageing: effects on a working memory task. Neurol. Psychiatry Brain Res. 19, 180–191. doi: 10.1016/j.npbr.2013.09.001

Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Martin, J. S., and Jerger, J. F. (2005). Some effects of aging on central auditory processing. J Rehabil. Res. Dev. 42, 25–44. doi: 10.1682/JRRD.2004.12.0164

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Minkova, L., Habich, A., Peter, J., Kaller, C. P., Eickhoff, S. B., and Kloppel, S. (2017). Gray matter asymmetries in aging and neurodegeneration: a review and meta-analysis. Hum. Brain Mapp. 38, 5890–5904. doi: 10.1002/hbm.23772

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Nenert, R., Allendorfer, J. B., Martin, A. M., Banks, C., Vannest, J., Holland, S. K., et al. (2017). Age-related language lateralization assessed by fMRI: the effects of sex and handedness. Brain Res. 1674, 20–35. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.08.021

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Ocklenburg, S., and Güntürkün, O. (2018). “Hemispheric asymmetries over the lifespan,” in The Lateralized Brain: The Neuroscience and Evolution of Hemispheric Asymmetries, eds S. Ocklenburg, and O. Güntürkün· (Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press) 263–288. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-803452-1.00010-2

Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Ota, M., Obata, T., Akine, Y., Ito, H., Ikehira, H., Asada, T., et al. (2006). Age-related degeneration of corpus callosum measured with diffusion tensor imaging. Neuroimage 31, 1445–1452. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.02.008

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Plessen, K. J., Hugdahl, K., Bansal, R., Hao, X., and Peterson, B. S. (2014). Sex, age, and cognitive correlates of asymmetries in thickness of the cortical mantle across the life span. J. Neurosci. 34, 6294–6302. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3692-13.2014

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Profant, O., Skoch, A., Balogova, Z., Tintera, J., Hlinka, J., and Syka, J. (2014). Diffusion tensor imaging and MR morphometry of the central auditory pathway and auditory cortex in aging. Neuroscience 260, 87–97. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.12.010

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Profant, O., Tintera, J., Balogova, Z., Ibrahim, I., Jilek, M., and Syka, J. (2015). Functional changes in the human auditory cortex in ageing. PLoS ONE 10, e0116692. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116692

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Quinci, M. A., Belden, A., Goutama, V., Gong, D., Hanser, S., Donovan, N. J., et al. (2022). Longitudinal changes in auditory and reward systems following receptive music-based intervention in older adults. Sci. Rep. 12, 11517. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-15687-5

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Reuter-Lorenz, P., and Cappell, K. A. (2008). Neurocognitive aging and the compensation hypothesis. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 17, 177–182. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00570.x

Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Rönnberg, J., Lunner, T., Zekveld, A., Sörqvist, P., Danielsson, H., Lyxell, B., et al. (2013). The ease of language understanding (ELU) model: theoretical, empirical, and clinical advances. Front. Syst. Neurosci. 7, 31. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2013.00031

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Stadler, J., Brechmann, A., and Angenstein, N. (2023). Effect of age on lateralized auditory processing. Hear. Res. 434, 108791. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2023.108791

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Tromp, D. (2016). DTI Scalars (FA, MD, AD, RD) - How do they Relate to Brain Structure? London: The Winnower.

Google Scholar

Uchida, Y., Nishita, Y., Otsuka, R., Sugiura, S., Sone, M., Yamasoba, T., et al. (2021). Aging brain and hearing: a mini-review. Front. Aging. Neurosci. 13, 791604. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.791604

PubMed Abstract | Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar

Zatorre, R. J., and Belin, P. (2001). Spectral and temporal processing in human auditory cortex. Cereb. Cortex 11, 946–953. doi: 10.1093/cercor/11.10.946

Crossref Full Text | Google Scholar