Terahertz time-of-flight contrast for non-destructive visualization of bruchid damage in lentils: a feasibility study

Abstract

Lentils are a key source of plant-based proteins, but their quality can be compromised by bruchids, insects that burrow inside the seeds, causing internal damage. Current detection methods rely on destructive testing, which is time-consuming, costly, and results in the loss of part of the batch. In this study, we demonstrate the potential of terahertz time-domain imaging in transmission as a non-destructive and effective method for detecting bruchids in lentils. The approach provides rapid and precise assessment, preserving the integrity of the samples and enabling quality control for the agro-industrial sector. Beyond accurate quality evaluation, this method holds promise for future applications in automated sorting systems, improving product valuation and market competitiveness. By leveraging terahertz technology, we present an innovative solution that aligns with the needs of producers, distributors, and consumers. This work is a qualitative proof-of-concept aimed at establishing physical feasibility. It does not estimate diagnostic performance (sensitivity/specificity); a powered validation on concealed larvae is planned.