ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Aging Neurosci.
Sec. Parkinson’s Disease and Aging-related Movement Disorders
Factors Associated with Sleep Disorders in Elderly Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Cognitive Impairment and the Nomogram Model Development
Provisionally accepted
- 1Department of Oncology, Affiliated Xinhua Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
- 2Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, China
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Sleep disorders are a common complication in elderly patients with Parkinson's disease and cognitive impairment. This retrospective cohort study investigates the factors associated with sleep disorders in elderly patients with Parkinson's disease and cognitive impairment and proposes a framework for a future comprehensive relaxation training intervention based on the identified factors, to inform subsequent clinical studies.A retrospective study was conducted on 108 elderly patients with Parkinson's disease and cognitive impairment who visited the outpatient department of our hospital from January 2021 to December 2024. All patient data were obtained from the electronic medical record system. Patients were divided into a sleep disorder group (n=40) and a non-sleep disorder group (n=68) based on the presence or absence of sleep disorders. General information differences between the two groups were collected and compared. Collinearity analysis was performed on indicators with significant differences between the two groups.There were statistically significant differences between the sleep disorder group and the non-sleep disorder group in terms of Hoehn-Yahr staging, equivalent dose of levodopa, Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), and chronic pain (P < 0.05). No collinearity was observed among the indicators. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that Hoehn-Yahr staging, equivalent dose of levodopa, HAMA, HAMD, and chronic pain were all risk factors for sleep disorders in elderly Parkinson's disease patients with cognitive impairment (OR = 6.327, 2.698, 3.203, 1.041, 1.217, P < 0.05). Based on the results of the logistic regression analysis, a risk prediction nomogram model for sleep disorders in elderly patients with Parkinson's disease and cognitive impairment was constructed.There are numerous factors associated with sleep disorders in elderly patients with Parkinson's disease and cognitive impairment, primarily including Hoehn-Yahr staging, equivalent dose of levodopa, HAMA, HAMD, and chronic pain. The risk prediction nomogram model constructed based on these factors has certain predictive value for the occurrence of sleep disorders, can assist in the early screening of high-risk populations in clinical practice, and provides a basis for developing corresponding relaxation training interventions to reduce the occurrence of sleep disorders.
Keywords: Parkinson's disease, cognitive impairment, Sleep Disorders, nomogram, Risk prediction model, Anxiety, Depression, Chronic Pain
Received: 22 Jul 2025; Accepted: 14 Nov 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Zhang, Sun and Chi. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Yimei Zhang, y20130228@126.com
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