ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Aging Neurosci.
Sec. Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias
HALP, PIV and SII as Novel Composite Inflammatory Indices for Early Detection and Severity Assessment of Alzheimer's Disease
Provisionally accepted
- Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of the Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte, and Platelet (HALP) Score, the Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value (PIV), and the Systemic-Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) in Alzheimer's disease (AD), exploring their association with dementia severity and their potential utility in diagnosis and monitoring disease progression. Methods: In a retrospective case-control study, 261 AD patients and 176 healthy controls were enrolled. Propensity score matching (PSM) generated a balanced cohort of 176 patient-control pairs. Demographic, clinical, and hematologic variables were collected, including HALP, PIV, and SII, and dementia severity was assessed using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for AD, while spearman's correlation and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis with bootstrap internal validation were used to evaluate the biomarker's performance. Results: Following matching, AD patients exhibited significantly lower HALP and higher PIV and SII levels. indicating a chronic pro-inflammatory state. HALP, PIV, and SII showed gradual but non-significant changes with dementia severity. HALP exhibited inverse correlation trend with dementia severity, though it did not reach statistical significance. Logistic regression identified education level and elevated neutrophil counts as independent risk factors of AD. ROC analysis revealed modest diagnostic performance for indices (AUC from 0.628 to 0.655), while combination of them did not significantly improve the diagnostic power. Conclusions: HALP, PIV, and SII are promising blood-based biomarkers for AD diagnosis and progression monitoring. HALP may help track disease progression. These low cost, accessible composite inflammatory indices offer potential as adjunct tools for early detection and severity assessment in AD, especially in resource limited settings.
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, biomarkers, Dementia severity, Inflammatory indices, Neuroinflammation
Received: 23 Sep 2025; Accepted: 28 Nov 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Huang, Lu, Liu, Dai, Mahmut, Gao, Ji and Zhang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Biao Zhang
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