SYSTEMATIC REVIEW article
Front. Blockchain
Sec. Blockchain for Good
Interoperability with DLT for an effective E-Governance Strategy – Current Trends
Provisionally accepted
Kumar D*
Beena BM- Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amrita School of Engineering Bengaluru, Bengaluru, India
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Abstract Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) has emerged as a transformative force in decentralized data management across e-transactions, with significant applications in banking, finance, supply chain, and trade sectors. Recognizing its potential, governments including Estonia and India have implemented DLT-based e-services to enhance transparency and privacy in public administration. With numerous platforms arising / available in the DLT segment such as HyperLedger, Ethereum, Corda, Ripple, Stellar, Dragonchain. IOTA, Hedera, etc.; understanding interoperability mechanisms across heterogeneous platforms has become critical. This comprehensive research provides systematic analysis of Distributed Ledger Technology fundamentals, consensus mechanisms, smart contracts, and their applications in e-governance services. The study examines leading DLT platforms and their core features, with specific focus on interoperability capabilities essential for seamless cross-platform integration. Through analysis of existing interoperability solutions including trade finance platforms, central bank digital currency initiatives, and e-governance implementations, this work identifies critical challenges and evaluation criteria for DLT adoption. The research addresses three primary research questions: (1) What capabilities does DLT provide for implementing effective e-governance strategies? (2) How does interoperability influence the delivery and effectiveness of various e-governance services? (3) What is the current impact and growth trajectory of existing e-governance services providing interoperability capabilities? The primary contributions include systematic exploration of interoperability mechanisms in various DLT platforms, documentation of existing implementations across multiple countries including Estonia, the European Union, Dubai, and India, identification of technical challenges and security considerations, and development of future roadmap for DLT-influenced e-governance systems. The research demonstrates that effective interoperability, combined with emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and quantum-resistant cryptography, can enable citizen-centric, transparent, and secure governance systems while maintaining regulatory compliance and data privacy.
Keywords: Blockchain, Distributed ledger, DLT, E-governance, interoperability, ONDC
Received: 07 Dec 2025; Accepted: 13 Feb 2026.
Copyright: © 2026 D and BM. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Kumar D
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