ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Built Environ.
Sec. Construction Materials
Multi-Output Optimisation of Geopolymer Mortar Using Taguchi and TOPSIS Method
Provisionally accepted
- Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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In this study, a ternary blended geopolymer mortar was optimised by incorporating GGBS, metakaolin, and paper sludge ash using the hybrid Taguchi-TOPSIS method. An L16 design was used to test various responses of their performance by varying four parameters, namely, GGBS, MK, PSA, and molarity, at four levels. The tested sample ANOVA results showed that the most significant effect was observed for a factor, molarity, at 71%, followed by GGBS 19%. The best proportion was observed as TBM-15 (70% GGBS, 15% MK, 7.5% PSA, 4 M NaOH), which had 83.20 N/mm2 compressive strength after 28 days of testing, it also showed 65 percentage reduction in water absorption, and 40 percentage faster setting compared with the control. A dense C-A-S-H gel formation and enhanced microstructural integrity were also demonstrated by SEM, XRD, and FTIR analyses. A system of hybrid optimisation successfully reduced the number of trials but produced a strong, durable, and sustainable geopolymer binder.
Keywords: Annova, Geopolymer mortar, Microstructural analysis, Taguchi-TOPSIS optimisation, Ternary blend
Received: 07 Nov 2025; Accepted: 05 Jan 2026.
Copyright: © 2026 A and Kai. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Abdul Rahim A
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