REVIEW article
Front. Cell. Neurosci.
Sec. Cellular Neurophysiology
Volume 19 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fncel.2025.1629796
This article is part of the Research TopicMemory processing in health and disease: linking behavioral, circuits, and molecular scales.View all 4 articles
State-Dependent Memory Mechanisms Insights from Neural Circuits and Clinical Implications
Provisionally accepted
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
Select one of your emails
You have multiple emails registered with Frontiers:
Notify me on publication
Please enter your email address:
If you already have an account, please login
You don't have a Frontiers account ? You can register here
State dependent memory (SDM) occurs when memory retrieval varies with the individual’ s psychological and physiological state at encoding and recall. Growing evidence shows that internal states shape memory performance across all phases of memory. Examples include affective and physiological conditions, medication effects, and disease states. This review examines how these states affect encoding, storage, and retrieval. We argue that internal states modulate activity in brain regions involved in memory by altering neurotransmitter signaling and by inducing plastic organization of neural circuits and networks. We believe this perspective can guide personalized electrical neuromodulation and multimodal intervention strategies for memory disorders.
Keywords: State dependent memory (SDM), memory retrieval, Memory encoding, memory storage, neural circuiit
Received: 16 May 2025; Accepted: 09 Oct 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Liu, Zhang, Qi, Ma and Xu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Jie Ma, drmajie@126.com
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.