MINI REVIEW article

Front. Genet.

Sec. Epigenomics and Epigenetics

Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fgene.2025.1620723

This article is part of the Research TopicEffects of Lactic Acid and Lactylation on Epigenetic Modifications and Gene Expression in TumorView all articles

Aerobic Exercise-Induced Lactate Production: A Novel Opportunity for Remodeling the Tumor Microenvironment

Provisionally accepted
Xin  ZhouXin Zhou1Jinliang  JiangJinliang Jiang1Jingjing  LiuJingjing Liu1Qinglu  WangQinglu Wang1*Ying  LuoYing Luo2*Liping  WuLiping Wu1*
  • 1Shandong Sport University, Ji Nan, China
  • 2Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

Cancer, as one of the most deadly and burdensome diseases in the world today, causes irreversible damage to the body. However, due to the ineffective suppression of the inflammatory environment within tumors, identifying new therapeutic targets for cancer treatment has become an urgent issue. Recent studies have shown that lactate, a key product of glycolysis and exercise, is closely related to tumor development. Under normal conditions, lactate regulates various biological functions and can influence immune suppression, thereby interfering with tumor progression. Due to the Warburg effect, lactate levels in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are maintained at high levels. High levels of lactate can further induce the activation of an emerging post-translational modification-lactylation, which enhances the expression of relevant signaling pathways, including JAK-STAT and PI3K/Akt/mTOR. This, in turn, suppresses the body's immune surveillance function and drives tumor progression through epigenetic-metabolic interactions. At the same time, aerobic exercise, as an important intervention for cancer, can enhance anti-inflammatory capacity by secreting muscle factors such as iris protein and tumor suppressor M, and it can also increase the infiltration of immune cells, including CD8 + T cells, improving tumor-killing abilities.

Keywords: lactylation, Tumor Microenvironment, Warburg effect, immune cells, aerobic exercise

Received: 12 May 2025; Accepted: 01 Jul 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Zhou, Jiang, Liu, Wang, Luo and Wu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence:
Qinglu Wang, Shandong Sport University, Ji Nan, China
Ying Luo, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong, China
Liping Wu, Shandong Sport University, Ji Nan, China

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