ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Med.
Sec. Nephrology
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1560272
This article is part of the Research TopicThe Importance of the Central Hemodynamic in the Cardiovascular Diseases Develop Volume IIView all 3 articles
Nonlinear relationship between estimated pulse wave velocity and Chronic kidney disease: analyses of NHANES 1999-2020
Provisionally accepted
- 1Division of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai Municipality, China
- 2School of Basic Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Background：Limited data on the correlation between estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) necessitate further investigation. This study aims to explore the association between ePWV and the prevalence of CKD.Methods：A cross-sectional study was conducted with 41,411 participants from the 1999-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). ePWV was calculated using an established equation from the Reference Values for Arterial Stiffness Collaboration, incorporating age and mean blood pressure. CKD prevalence was assessed as the primary outcome. Weighted logistic regression and linear models were applied for statistical analysis, with Restricted Cubic Splines (RCS) used to evaluate potential nonlinear associations. Subgroup analyses were conducted to assess variations and ensure the robustness of results.Results：Higher ePWV was consistently associated with an increased prevalence of CKD. RCS analysis identified a significant positive nonlinear relationship. Subgroup analyses revealed sexbased and glucose metabolism abnormality-based differences, highlighting interactive correlations that provided further insights into the ePWV-CKD relationship.Conclusion：This study demonstrates a strong positive association between ePWV and CKD prevalence, underscoring the importance of monitoring arterial stiffness. The use of RCS and subgroup analyses enriched the findings and offered valuable directions for future research.
Keywords: NHANES, estimated pulse wave velocity, Chronic Kidney Disease, RCS, arterial stiffness
Received: 14 Jan 2025; Accepted: 30 May 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 LI, Xu, Yan, LI, Sun and Wang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Lin Wang, Division of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai Municipality, China
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