ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Med.
Sec. Rheumatology
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1582892
A new formula consisting of the five-factor score and earliest vasculitis damage index at diagnosis for predicting poor outcomes of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis
Provisionally accepted
- Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Background: This study aimed to investigate whether a new formula consisting of more than two antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV)-specific indices at diagnosis could predict poor outcomes during follow-up in patients with AAV. Methods: This study included 323 patients first diagnosed with AAV. AAV-specific indices included the Birmingham vasculitis activity score (BVAS), the five-factor score (FFS), and the earliest vasculitis damage index (eVDI). Poor outcomes included all-cause mortality, end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), cerebrovascular accident (CVA), and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The four formulas were created by adding each index: BVAS + FFS + eVDI, BVAS + FFS, BVAS + eVDI, and FFS + eVDI. Results: The median age was 61.0 years (36.2% men). Among the four formulas, FFS + eVDI at AAV diagnosis exhibited the highest area under the curves (AUCs) for all-cause mortality and ESKD in receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. When the optimal cut-off was determined as 4.5 for all-cause mortality and ESKD simultaneously, patients with FFS + eVDI ≥4.5 at AAV diagnosis exhibited significantly higher risks for both all-cause mortality and ESKD, and lower cumulative patients' and ESKD-free survival rates than those without. in multivariable Cox analyses with other variables at AAV diagnosis, FFS + eVDI at AAV diagnosis was proven to be an independent predictor for all-cause mortality and ESKD during follow-up in patients with AAV. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that a new formula consisting of FFS and eVDI at AAV diagnosis could effectively predict both all-cause mortality and ESKD during follow-up in patients with AAV.
Keywords: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis, Five-Factor Score, vasculitis damage index, prediction, outcomes
Received: 25 Feb 2025; Accepted: 28 Jul 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Ha, Kwon, Park and Lee. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Sang-Won Lee, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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