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REVIEW article

Front. Med.

Sec. Regulatory Science

Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1583203

This article is part of the Research TopicPioneers & Pathfinders: 10 Years of Frontiers in MedicineView all 18 articles

Transforming the Interrelated Nature of Human Psychoneuroendocrine Health and Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in our Planet's Water: From Wilhelm Waldeyer's Neuron Theory to an Artificial Intelligence Extension of the Human Body?

Provisionally accepted
Sophie  Schweizer-SchubertSophie Schweizer-Schubert1*Götz  von Waldeyer-HartzGötz von Waldeyer-Hartz2Susann-Elisabeth  SchützeSusann-Elisabeth Schütze3Daniel  MaringerDaniel Maringer4Aki Sebastian  RuhlAki Sebastian Ruhl4,5Jochen  KuckelkornJochen Kuckelkorn3
  • 1International Psychoendocrinology and Psychotherapy Practice, Heilbronn, Germany
  • 2Adeamus CC Fluid Systems Research and Technology, Heilbronn, Germany
  • 3German Environment Agency (UBA), Section of Toxicology of Drinking Water and Swimming Pool Water, Bad Elster, Germany
  • 4German Environment Agency (UBA), Section of Drinking Water Treatment, Berlin, Germany
  • 5Chair of Water Treatment, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Brandenburg, Germany

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

The interplay between steroid hormones (reproductive and stress hormones) and mental and physical health has evolved as an important area of medical and psychological research. At the same time, endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) spreading via our planet’s water have become a focus in environment- and health-related sciences, as well as in the public interest. The impact of EDCs on the delicate hormonal balance essential to human health remains insufficiently understood. The Federal Ministry of Health in Germany deemed this topic so important that it tasked the German Environment Agency with conducting a nationwide, effect-directed analysis of EDCs in drinking water. Our interdisciplinary research collaboration, providing its scientific foundation, includes expertise from medicine, psychology, biology, ecotoxicology, technology, and artificial intelligence. The objective of this review is the assessment of endocrine effects caused by drinking water on the human body and the reduction of EDCs in the urban water cycle emitted by the human body. Our specific goals are to gain a better understanding of human psychoneuroendocrine health in relation to the EDC problem , to identify gaps in current research and to explore measures for reducing the human body’s emissions of EDCs. This assessment is particularly relevant given the anticipated global rise in the use of contraceptives, infertility treatments, hormone-replacement therapies and endocrinological treatments of stress-related disorders, all of which contribute to increased endocrine-disrupting compounds in the water cycle. Leveraging artificial intelligence and virtual human twin technologies to simulate individualized hormonal responses provide valuable insights into possible targeted interventions for reducing EDCs by personalized endocrinological practice.

Keywords: Endocrine disrupting compounds1, Psychoneuroendocrinology2, Mental Health3, Stressrelated Disorders4, Human Health5, Drinking Water6, Wearable saliva sensor7, artificial intelligence

Received: 25 Feb 2025; Accepted: 06 Aug 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Schweizer-Schubert, von Waldeyer-Hartz, Schütze, Maringer, Ruhl and Kuckelkorn. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Sophie Schweizer-Schubert, International Psychoendocrinology and Psychotherapy Practice, Heilbronn, Germany

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