ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Med.
Sec. Ophthalmology
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1590463
The Association Between Age of Menarche and risk of Myopia at the age of 15 in Chongqing, China: A cross-sectional study
Provisionally accepted
- 1First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing Municipality, China
- 2Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- 3Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Menarche is one of the important indicators of girls' physical, nutritional, and reproductive health. This study aims to identify the relationship between the age of menarche and the risk of myopia at the age of 15. Girls aged 15 were recruited when they came to the hospital for physical examination of enrollment in the high middle school. Eligible participants underwent anthropometric measurements, ocular examination, and a questionnaire for personal information, including menarche age. Ocular indexes were compared among early, regular, and late menarche statuses, and multivariate regression was used to analyze the relationships between menarche age and myopia. Among 376 participants around age 15, 115 girls were in the early-menarche group, 185 were in the normalmenarche group, and 76 were in the late-menarche group. Myopia prevalence was 95.7%, 87.6%, and 86.6% for the right eye (P=0.048) and 89.6%, 77.8%, and 68.4% (P=0.001) for the left eyes in early, middle, and late menarche girls, respectively. Menarche age was negatively and significantly related to myopia, especially to moderate/severe myopia in 15-aged girls (p=0.039 for the right eye, p=0.001 for the left eye). Menarche age as the marker time of onset of puberty was an independent risk factor of myopia in teenage girls, exceptionally moderate/severe myopia. This implies that accelerated physical development in puberty can onset and exacerbate myopia progress in the context of modern lifestyles in urban China; extra intervention should be considered for this type of child.
Keywords: Myopia, Menarche age, Adolescent, Chinese girls, Puberty
Received: 09 Mar 2025; Accepted: 26 Jun 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Zhang, Li, Zhang, Ouyang, Ao, Gong, He, Qi and Xiyuan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Xiaoya Qi, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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