ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Med.
Sec. Ophthalmology
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1624618
Global, regional, and national trends in DALYs for blindness and vision loss in teenagers and young adults, 1990–2019: an age-period-cohort analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Provisionally accepted- 1Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- 2Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
Select one of your emails
You have multiple emails registered with Frontiers:
Notify me on publication
Please enter your email address:
If you already have an account, please login
You don't have a Frontiers account ? You can register here
To analyze temporal trends in DALYs associated with blindness and vision loss in teenagers and young adults at global, regional, and national levels between 1990 and 2019, with particular attention to age, period, and birth cohort. Estimates were derived from the GBD 2019. An APC model was adopted to estimate overall annual percentage changes in DALYs (net drift), annual percentage changes in DALYs within age groups (local drift), fitted longitudinal age-specific rates adjusted for period deviations (age effects), and period-and birth cohort-relative risks (period/cohort effects) between 1990 and 2019. This facilitated the identification of disparities and treatment gaps in eye care. In 2019, the global number of DALYs associated with blindness and vision loss in teenagers and young adults was 2085.40 thousand (95% UI: 1340.56 to 3074.23). Among the 204 countries and territories, 40 had DALYs of at least 10,000, with the top five countries being responsible for 48% of DALYs globally. The APC model estimated a global net drift at −0.43% (95% CI: −0.45% to −0.42%) per year, ranging from −0.92% (95% CI: −0.94% to −0.91%) in low-middle socio-demographic Index (SDI) regions to −0.03% (95% CI: −0.07% to −0.0005%) in high SDI regions. As reflected by local drift, the DALYs had decreasing trends across all age groups, except in high SDI countries. Age effects illustrated similar patterns across different SDI regions, with risk increasing with age. High SDI region showed generally higher period risks over time, whereas others showed more favorable period risks. High SDI regions presented worsening risks of DALYs, while other regions indicated improving trends of DALYs in successive birth cohorts. Although an overall favorable trend of DALYs related to blindness and vision loss in teenagers and young adults was observed globally over the past three decades, unfavorable period and cohort effects were found in many countries, raising questions about the adequacy of their eye care across all age groups. Improvements in prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation programs related to blindness and vision loss in teenagers and young adults could reduce the risk for successively younger birth cohorts and for all age groups over time.
Keywords: Blindness and vision loss, Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), Age-period-cohort, Global Burden of Disease study, socio-demographic index
Received: 08 May 2025; Accepted: 30 Sep 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Lu, Jiang, Yu, Tian and Tao. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Yanghua Tian, ayfytyh@126.com
Liming Tao, taolimingchina@163.com
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.