ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Med.
Sec. Translational Medicine
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1631988
Clinical impact of collagen sponge combined with substance P in maxillofacial trauma repair in rats
Provisionally accepted
- 1Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
- 2Quanzhou First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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Objective: Collagen sponge and substance P (SP) can facilitate trauma healing. This study aimed to clarify the role of collagen sponge combined with SP in maxillofacial trauma healing. Methods: A rat trauma model was established. Rats were divided into RG 1 (Vaseline gauze + SP), RG 2 (Vaseline gauze + collagen sponge), RG 3 (collagen sponge + SP), and CG (Vaseline gauze + saline). Healing rate was assessed at 3, 7, and 14 days; pathological morphology at 14 days; hydroxyproline, bFGF, serum IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and VEGF, TGF-β1, SMAD3 mRNA at 14 days. Results: At 7 and 14 days, healing rates in all research groups were higher than CG, with RG 3 highest. At 14 days, inflammatory cells decreased and collagen fibers increased in all groups versus CG, with RG 3 showing best improvement. Hydroxyproline and bFGF levels were higher in all groups versus CG, and highest in RG 3. IL-6, TNF-α, and MMP-9 were reduced, while TIMP-1 was elevated, with RG 3 showing the most favorable changes. VEGF, TGF-β1, and SMAD3 mRNA were elevated in all groups versus CG, and highest in RG 3. Conclusion: Collagen sponge plus SP promoted trauma healing and reduced scar formation. This effect may be related to the TGF-β1/Smad3-VEGF signaling pathway.
Keywords: maxillofacial trauma, collagen sponge, Substance P, Trauma Healing, TGF-β1/Smad3-VEGF signaling pathway
Received: 20 May 2025; Accepted: 22 Sep 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Wang, Zhang, Guo and Yang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Xiaolan Yang, yydoctor0119@163.com
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