SYSTEMATIC REVIEW article
Front. Med.
Sec. Ophthalmology
Chronic Kidney Disease Increases the Risks of Age-related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Provisionally accepted
- 1China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- 2China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Importance: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are common causes of morbidity with systemic risk factors shared. Clarifying the association between the two is crucial for guiding comprehensive management. Objective: To systematically review current and latest evidence on the influence of CKD on AMD prevalence. Investigation on different AMD stages and how different CKD severities exert their effects was performed. Data Sources: Databases of PubMed and Embase were searched from their inception to November 11, 2024. Reference lists of studies were reviewed, and relevant researchers were contacted. The study was accepted and registered with PROSPERO (CRD420250612669). Study Selection: Eligible studies of the current review are observational, peer-reviewed, and included quantitative comparisons of AMD prevalence between populations with and without CKD. Studies with overlapping data or investigating AMD incidence were excluded. Twenty studies met inclusion criteria from 3218 initially identified. Data Extraction and Synthesis: We extracted data and assessed study quality using the AXIS tool for cross-sectional studies. Our meta-analyses followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and were conducted with Review Manager 5.4.1. Risk of bias was evaluated using the AXIS quality appraisal tool, and the overall certainty of evidence was qualitatively assessed following the GRADE approach. Main Outcomes and Measures: Primary outcomes are the prevalence of all-stage, early-stage, and late-stage AMD among CKD and non-CKD patients. Secondary
Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease, age-related macular degeneration, Macular Degeneration, Age-related maculopathy, Oxidative Stress
Received: 27 May 2025; Accepted: 27 Oct 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Lin, Lin, Huang, Huang, Tien, Wan and Lin. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Peng-Tai Tien, miketien913@gmail.com
Lei Wan, lei.joseph@gmail.com
Hui-Ju Lin, irisluu2396@gmail.com
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