ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Med.
Sec. Healthcare Professions Education
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1656547
This article is part of the Research TopicThe Intersection of Psychology, Healthy Behaviors, and its OutcomesView all 129 articles
To construct the norm of hand hygiene behavior scale for medical staff in tertiary general hospitals in China
Provisionally accepted
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Department of Nursing, Hangzhou, China
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Objective: This study aimed to construct a national norm for the Chinese version of the Hand Hygiene Behavior Questionnaire(HHBQ-C)among medical staff in tertiary general hospitals in China and to provide a basis for assessing the current status and influencing factors of hand hygiene practices among medical staff. Methods: Using a stratified random sampling method, a total of 3,000 medical staff from 12 provinces across three regions of China, eastern, central, and western, were selected as research subjects between April 2023 and June 2023. Each region included four provinces. The General Information Questionnaire and the HHBQ-C were used to evaluate the medical staff. Norms for means, percentiles, demarcation, and classification were established. Results: A total of 2,793 medical staff were included in this study. Gender and age were used to establish the mean norms of the HHBQ-C. Based on the results of the single-factor analysis, classification norms were established by selecting the characteristics that showed significant differences, namely age, occupation, work pressure, and workload. Percentile norms were established at 5% intervals. The scores on the HHBQ-C were divided into four grades: low, medium, high, and very high. Conclusion: The established national norms for the HHBQ-C in tertiary hospitals provide a solid basis for evaluating influencing factors and guiding targeted interventions to improve hand hygiene compliance and reduce HCAIs.
Keywords: Medical Staff, Hand Hygiene, Norm, hand hygiene behavior scale, Nursing - education
Received: 30 Jun 2025; Accepted: 10 Oct 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Tao, Liu, Tang, Yu and Xiang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Juan Tao, taojuan@srrsh.com
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