ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Med.
Sec. Translational Medicine
A study on the association between smoking, periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone resorption in patients with chronic periodontitis based on biomarkers: a meta-analysisAssociation between smoking, periodontal inflammation, and alveolar bone resorption in chronic periodontitis: a meta-analysis
Provisionally accepted
- 1Central Medical District of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- 2Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Objective: To systematically evaluate the effect of smoking on periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone resorption in chronic periodontitis patients. Methods: A computerized search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CNKI was conducted to identify studies published between January 2005 and January 2023. Thirteen studies involving 1,653 patients (893 smokers and 760 non-smokers) met inclusion criteria. Two independent researchers screened the literature and extracted data. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3. Results: Compared with the control group, the smoker group exhibited significantly higher levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (MD = 135.93; 95% CI: 48.91, 222.95; P = 0.002), high-mobility group box 1 (MD = 6.02; 95% CI: 1.30, 10.73; P = 0.01), interleukin-17 (MD = 94.62; 95% CI: 23.34, 165.90; P = 0.009), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (MD = 14.56; 95% CI: 12.03, 17.09; P < 0.00001), receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (MD = 1.49; 95% CI: 0.85, 2.14; P < 0.00001) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MD = 27.15; 95% CI: 5.94, 48.37; P = 0.01), while osteoprotegerin was significantly reduced (MD = –1.52; 95% CI: –2.98, –0.06; P = 0.04). No significant differences were observed in chitinase-3-like protein-1, procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide, or N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen levels (all P > 0.05). Conclusion: Smoking aggravates periodontal inflammation and disrupts bone metabolic balance, thereby promoting alveolar bone resorption in chronic periodontitis.
Keywords: Smoking, Inflammatory Response, Periodontal tissue, Alveolar bone resorption, Chronic Periodontitis
Received: 15 Jul 2025; Accepted: 30 Oct 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Li, Xia, Liu, Zhu and Chen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Bing Li, libing202401@163.com
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