REVIEW article
Front. Med.
Sec. Obstetrics and Gynecology
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1689745
Preeclampsia Prediction and Diagnosis: A Comprehensive Historical Review from Clinical Insights to Omics Perspectives
Provisionally accepted- 1Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Bogotá, Colombia
- 2Hospital Universitario Mayor, Bogotá, Colombia
- 3Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
Select one of your emails
You have multiple emails registered with Frontiers:
Notify me on publication
Please enter your email address:
If you already have an account, please login
You don't have a Frontiers account ? You can register here
Abstract Preeclampsia (PE) is a multifactorial and multisystemic syndrome specific to human pregnancy, traditionally characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. Affecting 2-10% of pregnancies, PE remains a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in low-and middle-income countries. This review traces the historical evolution of PE diagnosis, from early clinical observations to the incorporation of modern omics biomarkers. Early diagnostic criteria were based on observable clinical symptoms, but advancements in biomedical science have highlighted the significance of angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors, such as sFlt-1 and PlGF, which are used as "Established Angiogenic Biomarkers." Despite these advancements, clinical consensus on the use of these biomarkers remains elusive due to their variable sensitivity. Recents integrative approaches using omics technologies have provided deeper insights into the complex pathophysiology of PE, uncovering new pathways and "Potential Molecular Biomarkers" for early diagnosis and prediction. However, challenges remain in translating these findings into clinical practice, particularly due to the need for robust validation studies and the consideration of inter-individual and population variability. This review emphasizes the importance of continued research and validation of these biomarkers in diverse cohorts to develop effective predictive tools and improve maternal and fetal outcomes. By exploring the historical and modern perspectives on PE diagnosis, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the disease and highlight future directions in PE research.
Keywords: Preeclampsia, biomarkers, omics technologies, Hypertensive disorders, History, artificial intelligence
Received: 21 Aug 2025; Accepted: 30 Sep 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Riaño-Moreno, Vargas-Castellanos, Pedraza, Díaz-Quiñonez and Rangel-Ramos. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Elizabeth Vargas-Castellanos, elizabeth.vargas@mederi.com.co
Victor Saúl Rangel-Ramos, victor.rangel@mederi.com.co
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.