SPP1, LYZ, and MCM5: Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Rheumatoid Arthritis and Cervical Cancer Comorbidity

Xiaoyang Liu¹Wenhao Wang²Yuhui Zhao¹Xueying Gu¹Ruihe Wu¹Kaili Qin¹Xiao-Feng Li¹Chong Gao³Caihong Wang^1*

• ¹Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Taiyuan, China
• ²Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taiyuan, China
• ³Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Pathology, Boston, United States

Background: The comorbidity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic autoimmune disease, with cervical cancer has garnered a lot of attention. The purpose of this study is to explore the molecular mechanism of comorbidity between RA and cervical cancer and identify potential biomarkers through transcriptomics and single cell transcriptomics analysis. Methods: In this study, transcriptome expression profile data of RA and cervical cancer were downloaded from GEO and TCGA databases, and differential gene analysis, GO and KEGG functional enrichment analysis were performed. Using multivariate Cox proportional hazard modeling and Lasso regression, independent differential genes linked to the prognosis of cervical cancer were screened. Molecular docking technology was used to predict the interaction between candidate gene encoded proteins and HPV 16 E6/E7. Intercellular communication and the expression patterns of potential genes in various cell groups were examined using single cell transcriptome data. Finally, the expression of candidate genes in cervical tissues of patients with RA combined with cervical cancer was verified by immunohistochemistry. Results: The study found that those with RA had 493 up-regulated genes and 216 down-regulated genes, while individuals with cervical cancer had 2600 up-regulated genes and 2172 down-regulated genes. Cox regression analysis identified 35 genes independently associated with the prognosis of cervical cancer, of which SPP1, LYZ, and MCM5 were significantly regulated in both RA and cervical cancer. The HPV 16 E6/E7 specific binding sites of the proteins produced by these three genes were shown using molecular docking simulation. Especially, single cell transcriptomic analysis revealed that SPP1 was highly expressed in NK/T cells, Myeloid cells, and epithelial cells, and served as an important ligand receptor pair for communication between these cells. Immunohistochemistry results further verified the high expression of SPP1, LYZ, and MCM5 in patients with RA combined with cervical cancer. Conclusion: This study successfully identified SPP1, LYZ and MCM5 as key hub genes for the comorbidity of RA and cervical cancer. By regulating processes like inflammation, immune evasion, and cell proliferation, these genes not only have a high diagnostic potential but may also contribute to the occurrence and development of cervical cancer.