ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Ophthalmol.
Sec. Oculoplastics, Orbit and Trauma
Volume 5 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fopht.2025.1609113
Critical Pre-and Postoperative Factors in Evaluating Ptosis
Provisionally accepted
- Division of Orbital and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Doheny and Stein Eye Institutes, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, Los Angeles, United States
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Background: Blepharoptosis repair is a common eyelid surgery worldwide, however technique and outcome measurements vary widely. Objective: This study aims to determine a consensus on pre-and postoperative factors important to oculoplastic surgeons in the evaluation of ptosis. Methods: Oculoplastic surgeons were queried to describe 10 or more variables important for preand postoperative evaluation of ptosis and subsequently rate them on a 5-point Likert scale. A nominal group meeting determined a consensus on the 10 most important pre-and postoperative factors based on the previous survey responses. Mean and standard deviation for Likert score responses were compared using a student's t-test. Results: One hundred and sixty-three respondents contributed a total of 1,909 open-ended responses. The two most cited factors were levator function (91.4%) and upper marginal reflex distance (87.7%). Known secondary causes of ptosis (75.5%), health of cornea and tear film (58.9%) and brow elevation / compensation (55.2%) were reported as important by over 50% of the respondents. The final variables were categorized into four groups: Causes of Ptosis, Surgical Planning, Anatomy and Symmetry, and Ptosis-Related Quality of Life. Conclusion: A cohort of ASOPRS oculoplastic surgeons reached a consensus on a critical set of variables important for ptosis evaluation.
Keywords: ptosis repair, Pre-operative assessment, Ptosis-related outcomes, Delphi Technique, nominal group technique
Received: 09 Apr 2025; Accepted: 14 Jul 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Cornwell, Smith, Lucarelli, Sones and Rootman. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Daniel B Rootman, Division of Orbital and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Doheny and Stein Eye Institutes, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, Los Angeles, United States
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