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MINI REVIEW article

Front. Ophthalmol.

Sec. Inflammatory Eye Diseases

Volume 5 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fopht.2025.1632047

This article is part of the Research TopicReviews on recent advances in Inflammatory Eye DiseasesView all articles

The role of inflammation in myopic retinopathy

Provisionally accepted
  • 1Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, China
  • 2Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

High myopia is a global health concern, often leading to degenerative retinal changes known as myopic retinopathy. Although mechanical stress, hypoperfusion, extracellular matrix remodeling, and growth factor dysregulation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of myopic retinopathy, emerging evidence highlights the critical role of chronic low-grade inflammation. Both innate and adaptive immune systems participate in myopic retinopathy through systemic and local inflammation.Systemically, immune dysregulation is marked by elevated levels of complement proteins C3, autoantibodies anti-LIM and senescent cell antigen-like-containing domain protein 1 (anti-LIMS1), and altered circulating immune cells (increased neutrophils and basophils). Locally, retinal homeostasis disruption triggers intraocular inflammation, evidenced by higher levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), C-C motif chemokine ligand-2 (CCL2), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) and activating the complement system. The inflammatory response involves signaling pathways such as JAK-STAT and complement cascades. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding immunological mechanisms underlying myopic retinopathy, offering insights to guide future research.

Keywords: Inflammation, Pathologic myopia, myopic retinopathy, Retinal Degeneration, complement system, immune cells

Received: 20 May 2025; Accepted: 05 Aug 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 YANG, Qi and Xu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Heping Xu, Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, China

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